WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.020 align:middle line:90% 00:00:01.020 --> 00:00:07.290 align:middle line:84% Tonight I'd like to read mostly a sequence of poems 00:00:07.290 --> 00:00:08.295 align:middle line:90% written for my wife. 00:00:08.295 --> 00:00:13.400 align:middle line:90% 00:00:13.400 --> 00:00:17.420 align:middle line:84% They all have a particular feeling in relation 00:00:17.420 --> 00:00:22.310 align:middle line:84% to Japan, where I've lived for the last 10 years, 00:00:22.310 --> 00:00:25.070 align:middle line:84% off and on, making a few trips to America now and then. 00:00:25.070 --> 00:00:30.530 align:middle line:90% 00:00:30.530 --> 00:00:34.100 align:middle line:84% The land and the gods of the land are very important. 00:00:34.100 --> 00:00:41.060 align:middle line:84% And to give these poems a place, I'd 00:00:41.060 --> 00:00:45.290 align:middle line:84% like to say a little bit about what Japan is. 00:00:45.290 --> 00:00:51.330 align:middle line:84% Japan is a string of volcanic islands off the coast of Asia 00:00:51.330 --> 00:00:54.500 align:middle line:90% which is very unstable. 00:00:54.500 --> 00:00:59.420 align:middle line:84% And it's geologically relatively recent, 00:00:59.420 --> 00:01:02.360 align:middle line:84% which gives it a particular feeling. 00:01:02.360 --> 00:01:06.830 align:middle line:84% Those things are very necessary to feel, I think. 00:01:06.830 --> 00:01:12.770 align:middle line:84% Like one time, I was driving across Texas with Keith Wilson, 00:01:12.770 --> 00:01:15.350 align:middle line:90% from Houston to El Paso. 00:01:15.350 --> 00:01:18.230 align:middle line:84% And finally it occurred to me what was wrong with Texas. 00:01:18.230 --> 00:01:20.240 align:middle line:90% I said, this land is unstable. 00:01:20.240 --> 00:01:22.490 align:middle line:84% It's been in and out of the water for the last million 00:01:22.490 --> 00:01:23.690 align:middle line:90% years-- 00:01:23.690 --> 00:01:25.490 align:middle line:84% or the last billion years, actually. 00:01:25.490 --> 00:01:28.650 align:middle line:84% And Texas is a genuinely unstable part of the continent. 00:01:28.650 --> 00:01:32.000 align:middle line:84% It's been underwater and out of water and underwater 00:01:32.000 --> 00:01:36.230 align:middle line:84% and out of water, which gives it a peculiarly unstable feeling, 00:01:36.230 --> 00:01:37.190 align:middle line:90% I think. 00:01:37.190 --> 00:01:41.150 align:middle line:84% Japan is also unstable, but not in an unpleasant way, 00:01:41.150 --> 00:01:44.720 align:middle line:90% in a fiery kind of way. 00:01:44.720 --> 00:01:48.830 align:middle line:84% The Japanese islands are a continual battleground 00:01:48.830 --> 00:01:52.280 align:middle line:84% between the air masses of the continent 00:01:52.280 --> 00:01:54.710 align:middle line:84% and the air masses of the Pacific. 00:01:54.710 --> 00:01:57.500 align:middle line:84% And you can actually feel, within a space of 12 hours 00:01:57.500 --> 00:02:02.090 align:middle line:84% sometimes, one mass or the other mass winning, cool, dry air 00:02:02.090 --> 00:02:06.380 align:middle line:84% coming over from Siberia, and dropping the temperature 30 00:02:06.380 --> 00:02:08.960 align:middle line:84% degrees, and drying everything out, 00:02:08.960 --> 00:02:13.100 align:middle line:84% and then a warm, moist, almost subtropical air mass 00:02:13.100 --> 00:02:16.460 align:middle line:84% from the Pacific sweeping in and bringing rains and changing it 00:02:16.460 --> 00:02:19.280 align:middle line:90% again completely. 00:02:19.280 --> 00:02:25.640 align:middle line:84% So the elements that make Japan are 00:02:25.640 --> 00:02:32.630 align:middle line:84% volcanism and moving air and clouds, shifts of rain and dry. 00:02:32.630 --> 00:02:36.290 align:middle line:84% The winter is essentially a victory for Siberia 00:02:36.290 --> 00:02:38.210 align:middle line:90% and its dry continental air. 00:02:38.210 --> 00:02:40.220 align:middle line:84% The winter is essentially a Pacific victory. 00:02:40.220 --> 00:02:43.340 align:middle line:84% And it has the tail ends of the monsoons, 00:02:43.340 --> 00:02:46.610 align:middle line:84% and has a summer monsoon climate, which makes 00:02:46.610 --> 00:02:49.700 align:middle line:90% it possible to grow wet rice. 00:02:49.700 --> 00:02:51.800 align:middle line:84% You can only grow wet rice where you 00:02:51.800 --> 00:02:54.708 align:middle line:84% have a monsoon climate, the heavy rains all coming 00:02:54.708 --> 00:02:55.625 align:middle line:90% during the hot season. 00:02:55.625 --> 00:02:58.520 align:middle line:90% 00:02:58.520 --> 00:03:01.790 align:middle line:84% And Japan is much farther off the coast of Asia 00:03:01.790 --> 00:03:04.820 align:middle line:84% than England is, say, off the coast of Europe. 00:03:04.820 --> 00:03:09.080 align:middle line:84% The two countries have sometimes been compared. 00:03:09.080 --> 00:03:11.870 align:middle line:84% And in some ways the comparisons are interesting. 00:03:11.870 --> 00:03:17.000 align:middle line:84% But it's a much more difficult journey by sea to Japan. 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:19.430 align:middle line:84% And the early voyagers that went there 00:03:19.430 --> 00:03:24.860 align:middle line:84% must have had considerable nerve to go that far. 00:03:24.860 --> 00:03:27.350 align:middle line:84% One more point about Japan, speaking of voyages, 00:03:27.350 --> 00:03:30.350 align:middle line:84% the very first level of population 00:03:30.350 --> 00:03:31.640 align:middle line:90% didn't go there on a ship. 00:03:31.640 --> 00:03:33.110 align:middle line:90% They probably walked there. 00:03:33.110 --> 00:03:36.140 align:middle line:90% 00:03:36.140 --> 00:03:40.850 align:middle line:84% At the same time that the Bering was open and dry, 00:03:40.850 --> 00:03:43.580 align:middle line:84% Japan was connected to the Chinese mainland 00:03:43.580 --> 00:03:45.740 align:middle line:90% at about where Shandong is. 00:03:45.740 --> 00:03:47.990 align:middle line:84% And the Okinawan Islands and Taiwan 00:03:47.990 --> 00:03:50.210 align:middle line:84% all made, apparently, a kind of a chain, 00:03:50.210 --> 00:03:52.880 align:middle line:84% so that at the same time that the peoples who 00:03:52.880 --> 00:03:54.920 align:middle line:84% became the American Indians, or at least one 00:03:54.920 --> 00:03:57.020 align:middle line:84% of the early waves of the American Indians, 00:03:57.020 --> 00:04:01.460 align:middle line:84% were traveling up north and across the Bering, 00:04:01.460 --> 00:04:05.330 align:middle line:84% a band of their brothers took a more southerly route 00:04:05.330 --> 00:04:09.560 align:middle line:84% and went out into the Japanese islands, very possibly 00:04:09.560 --> 00:04:13.025 align:middle line:84% the same period of migrations of the early Mongoloid peoples. 00:04:13.025 --> 00:04:24.350 align:middle line:90% 00:04:24.350 --> 00:04:29.900 align:middle line:84% This sequence is called Regarding Wave. 00:04:29.900 --> 00:04:33.390 align:middle line:84% It will be published as a book, maybe this spring, 00:04:33.390 --> 00:04:37.258 align:middle line:84% by the Wendover Press at the University of Iowa. 00:04:37.258 --> 00:04:39.050 align:middle line:84% I think it will just be in a small edition. 00:04:39.050 --> 00:04:42.460 align:middle line:90% 00:04:42.460 --> 00:04:47.290 align:middle line:84% Regarding wave is a kind of pun on the name of the Buddhist 00:04:47.290 --> 00:04:52.060 align:middle line:84% Bodhisattva, goddess of compassion, Guanyin. 00:04:52.060 --> 00:04:54.280 align:middle line:90% Or in Japanese, Kan-on. 00:04:54.280 --> 00:04:57.010 align:middle line:90% In Sanskrit, Avalokitesvara. 00:04:57.010 --> 00:05:01.750 align:middle line:84% The name means, literally, "regard the sound." 00:05:01.750 --> 00:05:07.060 align:middle line:84% And sound is waves, so regarding wave. 00:05:07.060 --> 00:05:11.020 align:middle line:84% The reason sound is important is because, in this world 00:05:11.020 --> 00:05:17.110 align:middle line:84% epic, this present kalpa, they say that the sense of sound 00:05:17.110 --> 00:05:19.510 align:middle line:84% is, of all the senses, the sense by which it 00:05:19.510 --> 00:05:22.500 align:middle line:84% is most possible to achieve enlightenment. 00:05:22.500 --> 00:05:25.470 align:middle line:90% 00:05:25.470 --> 00:05:25.970 align:middle line:90% Wave. 00:05:25.970 --> 00:05:28.580 align:middle line:90% 00:05:28.580 --> 00:05:34.100 align:middle line:84% Grooving clamshell, streaked-through marble, 00:05:34.100 --> 00:05:38.090 align:middle line:84% sweeping down Ponderosa pine bark scale, 00:05:38.090 --> 00:05:52.250 align:middle line:84% ripcut tree grain, sand dunes, lava, flow, wave, wife, woman, 00:05:52.250 --> 00:05:58.535 align:middle line:84% wifman, veiled, vibrating, vague. 00:05:58.535 --> 00:06:01.130 align:middle line:90% 00:06:01.130 --> 00:06:04.760 align:middle line:90% Sawtooth ranges pulsing. 00:06:04.760 --> 00:06:08.360 align:middle line:90% Veins on the back of the hand. 00:06:08.360 --> 00:06:12.680 align:middle line:84% Forked-out bird's foot alluvium wash. 00:06:12.680 --> 00:06:15.260 align:middle line:90% 00:06:15.260 --> 00:06:22.520 align:middle line:84% Great dunes rolling, each inch rippled, every grain a wave. 00:06:22.520 --> 00:06:25.880 align:middle line:90% 00:06:25.880 --> 00:06:30.230 align:middle line:84% Leaning against sand cornices till they blow away. 00:06:30.230 --> 00:06:36.260 align:middle line:84% Wind, shake, stiff thorns of cholla, ocotillo. 00:06:36.260 --> 00:06:39.890 align:middle line:84% Sometimes I get stuck in thickets. 00:06:39.890 --> 00:06:47.150 align:middle line:84% Ah, trembling spreading radiating wife, racing zebra, 00:06:47.150 --> 00:06:55.670 align:middle line:84% catch me and fling me wide to the dancing grain of things, 00:06:55.670 --> 00:07:05.520 align:middle line:90% of my mind 00:07:05.520 --> 00:07:07.440 align:middle line:90% One gloss on that-- 00:07:07.440 --> 00:07:19.380 align:middle line:84% the word, "woman," old English wifman, wave man. 00:07:19.380 --> 00:07:25.680 align:middle line:84% The word, wife, also wif, wife is wave. 00:07:25.680 --> 00:07:27.840 align:middle line:90% Woman is wave man. 00:07:27.840 --> 00:07:32.460 align:middle line:90% Cognates are veiled and vague. 00:07:32.460 --> 00:07:35.910 align:middle line:84% The proto Indo-European root is v, 00:07:35.910 --> 00:07:41.130 align:middle line:84% which apparently means, as they can figure, vibration, 00:07:41.130 --> 00:07:42.240 align:middle line:90% vibrating. 00:07:42.240 --> 00:07:44.900 align:middle line:90% So woman is the vibrator. 00:07:44.900 --> 00:07:49.000 align:middle line:90%