WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.540 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.540 --> 00:00:05.040 align:middle line:84% Well, now I want to devote what time we 00:00:05.040 --> 00:00:08.730 align:middle line:90% have to The Folding Cliffs. 00:00:08.730 --> 00:00:16.110 align:middle line:84% And first, I think I must tell you a bit about the story. 00:00:16.110 --> 00:00:24.860 align:middle line:84% It's set in Hawaii is-- well, it covers a long period if you want 00:00:24.860 --> 00:00:26.480 align:middle line:84% to do the whole thing, but the basic-- 00:00:26.480 --> 00:00:31.610 align:middle line:84% the main part of the story is set in the end of the 1980s 00:00:31.610 --> 00:00:33.290 align:middle line:90% and the beginning of the 1990s-- 00:00:33.290 --> 00:00:42.830 align:middle line:90% 1890s on the island of Kauai. 00:00:42.830 --> 00:00:45.380 align:middle line:84% The bit of background that you should know-- there 00:00:45.380 --> 00:00:49.430 align:middle line:84% are three main characters, Ko'olau, 00:00:49.430 --> 00:00:58.790 align:middle line:84% who was the star cowboy of his generation on Kauai. 00:00:58.790 --> 00:01:03.380 align:middle line:84% He was wonderful with horses, he was a crack shot, he was-- 00:01:03.380 --> 00:01:06.560 align:middle line:84% they said that Ko'olau was one of those shots, one 00:01:06.560 --> 00:01:11.780 align:middle line:84% of the people who just always happened all by itself. 00:01:11.780 --> 00:01:19.980 align:middle line:84% And he was the prized cowboy of a very remarkable man Valdemar 00:01:19.980 --> 00:01:21.930 align:middle line:84% Knudsen, a Norwegian rancher, who 00:01:21.930 --> 00:01:25.240 align:middle line:84% was a botanist, ornithologist, musician, a lot of linguists, 00:01:25.240 --> 00:01:29.670 align:middle line:84% a lot of remarkable things, wonderful man. 00:01:29.670 --> 00:01:32.340 align:middle line:84% And Ko'olau's wife was Pi'ilani, who 00:01:32.340 --> 00:01:36.150 align:middle line:84% was supposed said to be very beautiful when 00:01:36.150 --> 00:01:38.070 align:middle line:90% she was very young. 00:01:38.070 --> 00:01:42.630 align:middle line:84% And they married in a perfectly Christian way 00:01:42.630 --> 00:01:47.080 align:middle line:84% and had a little boy child, Kaleimanu. 00:01:47.080 --> 00:01:51.320 align:middle line:90% 00:01:51.320 --> 00:01:58.430 align:middle line:84% There was a very ambitious young men who wanted to-- 00:01:58.430 --> 00:02:00.290 align:middle line:84% who you'd recognize from westerns 00:02:00.290 --> 00:02:03.570 align:middle line:84% I mean, who had political ambitions 00:02:03.570 --> 00:02:07.310 align:middle line:84% and who got himself made first justice of the peace and then 00:02:07.310 --> 00:02:08.750 align:middle line:90% a Sheriff. 00:02:08.750 --> 00:02:18.860 align:middle line:84% And he had all ambitions, but he detected signs of leprosy, 00:02:18.860 --> 00:02:22.920 align:middle line:84% he thought, in Ko'olau, on his face. 00:02:22.920 --> 00:02:28.740 align:middle line:84% And the-- Ko'olau was sent for inspection 00:02:28.740 --> 00:02:31.650 align:middle line:84% and was diagnosed as having leprosy. 00:02:31.650 --> 00:02:35.580 align:middle line:84% Well, the Hawaiians called the disease of leprosy, 00:02:35.580 --> 00:02:39.330 align:middle line:84% in Hawaiian, the word for it is the separating sickness 00:02:39.330 --> 00:02:42.360 align:middle line:84% because what happened was that the families were torn apart 00:02:42.360 --> 00:02:46.650 align:middle line:84% and people with leprosy were sent to Kalaupapa. 00:02:46.650 --> 00:02:49.348 align:middle line:84% And they were sent sometimes quite brutal ways, 00:02:49.348 --> 00:02:51.390 align:middle line:84% there was some that would just be taken on a ship 00:02:51.390 --> 00:02:53.370 align:middle line:84% and thrown off into the water at the beginning. 00:02:53.370 --> 00:02:58.333 align:middle line:84% And if they got to shore, then, they did the best they could. 00:02:58.333 --> 00:03:00.750 align:middle line:84% They got better than that later, but it was never anything 00:03:00.750 --> 00:03:06.180 align:middle line:84% that any of us would sign up for, a club Mediterranean thing, 00:03:06.180 --> 00:03:09.060 align:middle line:90% I mean. 00:03:09.060 --> 00:03:12.060 align:middle line:84% And you never got out of Kalaupapa, you never left. 00:03:12.060 --> 00:03:15.630 align:middle line:90% 00:03:15.630 --> 00:03:18.865 align:middle line:84% Ko'olau and Pi'ilani realize that the little boy also 00:03:18.865 --> 00:03:19.365 align:middle line:90% had leprosy. 00:03:19.365 --> 00:03:24.890 align:middle line:90% 00:03:24.890 --> 00:03:27.740 align:middle line:84% Ko'olau and Pi'ilani realized that their little boy also 00:03:27.740 --> 00:03:29.780 align:middle line:90% had leprosy. 00:03:29.780 --> 00:03:32.750 align:middle line:84% And they decided that they were not going to Kauai, 00:03:32.750 --> 00:03:35.080 align:middle line:84% they were not going to go over there. 00:03:35.080 --> 00:03:37.520 align:middle line:84% They mean, they would be taken apart I mean, 00:03:37.520 --> 00:03:38.900 align:middle line:84% Ko'olau would be sent separately, 00:03:38.900 --> 00:03:40.280 align:middle line:84% probably the little boy would be sent, 00:03:40.280 --> 00:03:42.020 align:middle line:84% and they might not even see each other 00:03:42.020 --> 00:03:44.120 align:middle line:84% though they were in Kalaupapa, and Pi'ilani 00:03:44.120 --> 00:03:45.380 align:middle line:90% would be left alone. 00:03:45.380 --> 00:03:47.870 align:middle line:84% They decided that they were not going to do this. 00:03:47.870 --> 00:03:54.310 align:middle line:84% And they went over to the top of the mountain, 00:03:54.310 --> 00:03:57.650 align:middle line:84% Wai'ale'ale, which is enormous wealth. 00:03:57.650 --> 00:04:00.400 align:middle line:84% The whole of Kauai is really that mountain. 00:04:00.400 --> 00:04:04.210 align:middle line:84% Over the top to this valley of Kalalau on the far side, 00:04:04.210 --> 00:04:07.150 align:middle line:84% the north side, which is one of the most spectacular 00:04:07.150 --> 00:04:10.030 align:middle line:90% places on Earth. 00:04:10.030 --> 00:04:13.660 align:middle line:84% The cliffs are 4,000 feet high and it's like the Grand Canyon, 00:04:13.660 --> 00:04:17.649 align:middle line:90% green with waterfalls in it. 00:04:17.649 --> 00:04:21.670 align:middle line:84% And they joined a small band of fugitives 00:04:21.670 --> 00:04:25.360 align:middle line:84% who also had leprosy in that valley 00:04:25.360 --> 00:04:26.980 align:middle line:84% who were determined not to be taken 00:04:26.980 --> 00:04:30.010 align:middle line:84% and not to be sent to Kalaupapa and they were armed. 00:04:30.010 --> 00:04:33.790 align:middle line:84% And Ko'olau had let it be known that he and his family 00:04:33.790 --> 00:04:37.120 align:middle line:84% were not going to be separated, and they were not 00:04:37.120 --> 00:04:41.350 align:middle line:84% going to leave there alive, they would-- 00:04:41.350 --> 00:04:44.750 align:middle line:84% their lives were on the line, they were going to stay there. 00:04:44.750 --> 00:04:47.287 align:middle line:84% So the shepherd-- the Sheriff decided 00:04:47.287 --> 00:04:49.870 align:middle line:84% that he was going to make his political career by cleaning out 00:04:49.870 --> 00:04:51.520 align:middle line:90% the Valley. 00:04:51.520 --> 00:04:54.880 align:middle line:84% And of course, the whole thing builds up 00:04:54.880 --> 00:04:57.820 align:middle line:84% and he starts going over and arresting people. 00:04:57.820 --> 00:05:01.180 align:middle line:84% And when he tries to ambush Ko'olau at night, 00:05:01.180 --> 00:05:03.670 align:middle line:84% Ko'olau shoots him, and then they 00:05:03.670 --> 00:05:06.250 align:middle line:84% send in the army and Ko'olau holes up in the cliffs 00:05:06.250 --> 00:05:09.070 align:middle line:84% and manages to hold off the army because it's a place where they 00:05:09.070 --> 00:05:10.730 align:middle line:84% can only get in one man at a time 00:05:10.730 --> 00:05:12.670 align:middle line:90% and as fast as they come in, 00:05:12.670 --> 00:05:15.280 align:middle line:84% he just kills them until they finally give up, 00:05:15.280 --> 00:05:18.320 align:middle line:84% that's basically the story then of course, 00:05:18.320 --> 00:05:20.890 align:middle line:84% the father and son both die, the army 00:05:20.890 --> 00:05:24.250 align:middle line:84% clears out the whole valley, and leaves them. 00:05:24.250 --> 00:05:28.300 align:middle line:84% And they live on there while the father and son both die 00:05:28.300 --> 00:05:30.850 align:middle line:84% and she buries them both, and then lives on there alone 00:05:30.850 --> 00:05:32.560 align:middle line:90% by herself. 00:05:32.560 --> 00:05:35.440 align:middle line:90% And finally goes back to-- 00:05:35.440 --> 00:05:39.370 align:middle line:90% that's the center of the story. 00:05:39.370 --> 00:05:44.110 align:middle line:84% But it begins where she has heard, 00:05:44.110 --> 00:05:48.190 align:middle line:84% she went back quite a few times into that valley 00:05:48.190 --> 00:05:53.380 align:middle line:84% where she lived alone after all for some time 00:05:53.380 --> 00:05:57.220 align:middle line:84% because she'd heard rumors that people had found his grave 00:05:57.220 --> 00:05:59.050 align:middle line:90% and had dug him up. 00:05:59.050 --> 00:06:02.890 align:middle line:84% And heard-- his grandmother never believes this 00:06:02.890 --> 00:06:08.260 align:middle line:84% because she said, his name means the grave on the windward coast. 00:06:08.260 --> 00:06:10.630 align:middle line:84% He can never be taken away from that. 00:06:10.630 --> 00:06:15.160 align:middle line:84% She knows this for a fact, but Pi'ilani goes back until she too 00:06:15.160 --> 00:06:16.270 align:middle line:90% is finally convinced. 00:06:16.270 --> 00:06:20.710 align:middle line:84% But the story begins with her alone, 00:06:20.710 --> 00:06:24.460 align:middle line:84% not going this time with anybody else, but going alone. 00:06:24.460 --> 00:06:27.970 align:middle line:84% All night walk up the mountain and then the all day 00:06:27.970 --> 00:06:34.000 align:middle line:84% walk down, down these terrifying cliffs into the-- 00:06:34.000 --> 00:06:37.840 align:middle line:84% where they lived and where the grave was. 00:06:37.840 --> 00:06:39.970 align:middle line:84% And in doing that of course, she relives 00:06:39.970 --> 00:06:42.348 align:middle line:90% some of the earlier story. 00:06:42.348 --> 00:06:44.140 align:middle line:84% So I'm just going to read you some sections 00:06:44.140 --> 00:06:49.110 align:middle line:84% from that first part in which she does that.