WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.950 align:middle line:90% 00:00:01.950 --> 00:00:05.220 align:middle line:84% I guess one of the other kinds of silence 00:00:05.220 --> 00:00:15.000 align:middle line:84% are ways in which fact finally resists transformation. 00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:20.570 align:middle line:84% And I read in a newspaper a while ago, 00:00:20.570 --> 00:00:23.510 align:middle line:84% I'm sure you all heard about it, about a man in San Francisco 00:00:23.510 --> 00:00:26.570 align:middle line:84% who offered a whole lot of money for proof 00:00:26.570 --> 00:00:30.350 align:middle line:84% that the Holocaust really occurred, and really believes 00:00:30.350 --> 00:00:32.630 align:middle line:90% it. 00:00:32.630 --> 00:00:35.290 align:middle line:84% It frightened me enormously because, in fact, 00:00:35.290 --> 00:00:39.170 align:middle line:84% if the photographs didn't exist, there'd been-- 00:00:39.170 --> 00:00:44.120 align:middle line:84% apparently memory was no longer considered proof. 00:00:44.120 --> 00:00:47.360 align:middle line:84% And history was no longer considered 00:00:47.360 --> 00:00:50.992 align:middle line:90% a valid vehicle for a proof. 00:00:50.992 --> 00:00:52.700 align:middle line:84% And so if we didn't have the photographs, 00:00:52.700 --> 00:00:55.310 align:middle line:84% it would have in fact never occurred, 00:00:55.310 --> 00:00:59.600 align:middle line:90% which really terrified me. 00:00:59.600 --> 00:01:02.160 align:middle line:84% So I wrote this poem titled "History." 00:01:02.160 --> 00:01:06.260 align:middle line:84% And there are other events in it that 00:01:06.260 --> 00:01:11.180 align:middle line:84% actually occurred that I found in a newspaper account 00:01:11.180 --> 00:01:11.705 align:middle line:90% in Italy. 00:01:11.705 --> 00:01:23.190 align:middle line:90% 00:01:23.190 --> 00:01:23.820 align:middle line:90% "History." 00:01:23.820 --> 00:01:27.924 align:middle line:90% 00:01:27.924 --> 00:01:31.950 align:middle line:84% "Into whose ear the deeds are spoken. 00:01:31.950 --> 00:01:34.710 align:middle line:90% The only listener. 00:01:34.710 --> 00:01:37.920 align:middle line:84% So I believed he would remember everything, 00:01:37.920 --> 00:01:42.540 align:middle line:84% the murmuring trees, the sunshine's zealotry, 00:01:42.540 --> 00:01:46.140 align:middle line:90% its deep unevenness. 00:01:46.140 --> 00:01:50.430 align:middle line:84% For history is the opposite of the eye for whom, 00:01:50.430 --> 00:01:55.530 align:middle line:84% for instance, six million bodies in portions of hundreds 00:01:55.530 --> 00:01:58.470 align:middle line:84% and the flowerpots broken by a sudden wind 00:01:58.470 --> 00:02:01.380 align:middle line:90% stand as equivalent. 00:02:01.380 --> 00:02:04.980 align:middle line:90% What more is there in fact? 00:02:04.980 --> 00:02:09.810 align:middle line:84% "I'll give $10,000 to the man who proves the Holocaust really 00:02:09.810 --> 00:02:13.200 align:middle line:84% occurred," said the exhausted solitude 00:02:13.200 --> 00:02:17.790 align:middle line:90% in San Francisco in 1980. 00:02:17.790 --> 00:02:23.190 align:middle line:84% Far in the woods in a faded photograph in 1942 00:02:23.190 --> 00:02:26.940 align:middle line:84% the man with his own genitalia in his mouth 00:02:26.940 --> 00:02:30.510 align:middle line:84% and hundreds of slow holes a pitchfork has opened 00:02:30.510 --> 00:02:34.470 align:middle line:90% over his face grows beautiful. 00:02:34.470 --> 00:02:39.120 align:middle line:84% The ferns and deep wood lilies catch the eye. 00:02:39.120 --> 00:02:42.030 align:middle line:84% Three men in ragged uniforms with guns 00:02:42.030 --> 00:02:44.400 align:middle line:90% keep laughing nervously. 00:02:44.400 --> 00:02:46.170 align:middle line:90% They share the day with him. 00:02:46.170 --> 00:02:48.300 align:middle line:90% A bluebird sings. 00:02:48.300 --> 00:02:51.780 align:middle line:84% The feathers of the shade touch every inch of skin-- 00:02:51.780 --> 00:02:55.260 align:middle line:84% the hand holding down the delicate gun, the hands 00:02:55.260 --> 00:02:58.500 align:middle line:90% holding down the delicate hips. 00:02:58.500 --> 00:03:01.980 align:middle line:84% And the sky is visible between the men, 00:03:01.980 --> 00:03:08.400 align:middle line:84% between the trees, a blue spirit enveloping anything. 00:03:08.400 --> 00:03:11.310 align:middle line:84% Late in the story, in Northern Italy, 00:03:11.310 --> 00:03:15.690 align:middle line:84% a man cuts down some trees for winter fuel. 00:03:15.690 --> 00:03:18.810 align:middle line:84% We read this in the evening news. 00:03:18.810 --> 00:03:21.540 align:middle line:84% Watching the fire burn late one night, 00:03:21.540 --> 00:03:25.770 align:middle line:84% watching it change and change, a hand grenade, 00:03:25.770 --> 00:03:29.070 align:middle line:84% lodged in the pulp the young tree grew around, 00:03:29.070 --> 00:03:34.680 align:middle line:84% explodes, blinding the man, killing his wife. 00:03:34.680 --> 00:03:38.310 align:middle line:84% Now who will tell the children fairy-tales? 00:03:38.310 --> 00:03:42.000 align:middle line:84% The ones where simple crumbs over the forest floor 00:03:42.000 --> 00:03:45.260 align:middle line:90% endure to help us home? 00:03:45.260 --> 00:03:47.000 align:middle line:90%