WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.040 align:middle line:90% 00:00:02.040 --> 00:00:08.580 align:middle line:84% The Tolstoyans, the Afro-American slaves knew this. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:13.380 align:middle line:84% You could be killed for teaching people to read and write. 00:00:13.380 --> 00:00:16.740 align:middle line:84% I used to think the worst affliction was to be forbidden 00:00:16.740 --> 00:00:18.900 align:middle line:90% pencil and paper. 00:00:18.900 --> 00:00:22.800 align:middle line:84% Well, Ting Ling recited poems to prison walls 00:00:22.800 --> 00:00:27.090 align:middle line:84% for years of the Cultural Revolution, and truly 00:00:27.090 --> 00:00:31.770 align:middle line:84% the magic of written characters looms and dwindles, 00:00:31.770 --> 00:00:37.770 align:middle line:84% shrinks small, gross swollen, depending on where you stand, 00:00:37.770 --> 00:00:43.740 align:middle line:84% and what is in your hand, and who can read and why. 00:00:43.740 --> 00:00:46.830 align:middle line:84% I think now the worst affliction is not 00:00:46.830 --> 00:00:50.550 align:middle line:84% to know who you are or have been. 00:00:50.550 --> 00:00:54.690 align:middle line:84% I have learned this in part from writers. 00:00:54.690 --> 00:00:57.630 align:middle line:84% Reading and writing aren't sacred, 00:00:57.630 --> 00:01:01.985 align:middle line:84% yet people have been killed as if they were. 00:01:01.985 --> 00:01:02.485 align:middle line:90%