WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.890 align:middle line:84% I hope you can stay after the reading 00:00:01.890 --> 00:00:04.590 align:middle line:84% tonight and have some lemonade and cookies with us 00:00:04.590 --> 00:00:05.310 align:middle line:90% out in the hall. 00:00:05.310 --> 00:00:08.280 align:middle line:90% 00:00:08.280 --> 00:00:10.200 align:middle line:84% Our last reading for this semester 00:00:10.200 --> 00:00:13.080 align:middle line:84% will be one week from tonight, in the terrace 00:00:13.080 --> 00:00:15.300 align:middle line:90% lounge at the student union. 00:00:15.300 --> 00:00:19.620 align:middle line:84% And five students will be reading, Gladys Bean, 00:00:19.620 --> 00:00:26.880 align:middle line:84% Susan Crawford, Mark Jones, Ken Stahl, and Susie Villard. 00:00:26.880 --> 00:00:28.155 align:middle line:90% That's Halloween night. 00:00:28.155 --> 00:00:31.320 align:middle line:90% 00:00:31.320 --> 00:00:34.920 align:middle line:84% The next in a series of lectures sponsored by the library 00:00:34.920 --> 00:00:39.360 align:middle line:84% called Writers of the, Writers of the Purple Sage 00:00:39.360 --> 00:00:43.800 align:middle line:84% will be tomorrow night in the Harvill Auditorium at 7:00. 00:00:43.800 --> 00:00:48.430 align:middle line:84% The lecture is by Rudolfo Anaya, and he's calling it An American 00:00:48.430 --> 00:00:52.350 align:middle line:90% Chicano in King Arthur's Court. 00:00:52.350 --> 00:00:54.540 align:middle line:90% And that's also free. 00:00:54.540 --> 00:00:57.420 align:middle line:84% The Harvill building is at the corner of 2nd and Olive. 00:00:57.420 --> 00:01:01.930 align:middle line:90% 00:01:01.930 --> 00:01:05.680 align:middle line:84% We are so pleased to present Frank Waters tonight. 00:01:05.680 --> 00:01:09.340 align:middle line:84% I know many of you know his work very well. 00:01:09.340 --> 00:01:13.060 align:middle line:84% His work is very well loved in our area. 00:01:13.060 --> 00:01:19.480 align:middle line:84% He writes biography, books of non-fiction, novels. 00:01:19.480 --> 00:01:26.680 align:middle line:84% Some of his non-fiction books are The Colorado, Masked Gods: 00:01:26.680 --> 00:01:31.390 align:middle line:84% Pueblo and Navajo Ceremonialism, the Book of the Hopi, 00:01:31.390 --> 00:01:35.560 align:middle line:84% Pumpkin Seed Point, Mexico Mystique, 00:01:35.560 --> 00:01:37.780 align:middle line:90% and Mountain Dialogues. 00:01:37.780 --> 00:01:40.895 align:middle line:84% He's written four books of biography, and some of-- 00:01:40.895 --> 00:01:42.520 align:middle line:84% I'm not going to read all of his novels 00:01:42.520 --> 00:01:47.380 align:middle line:84% because we'd like for Mr. Waters to have a little time, too. 00:01:47.380 --> 00:01:49.660 align:middle line:84% I'll just read three of the titles-- 00:01:49.660 --> 00:01:54.130 align:middle line:84% The Man Who Killed the Deer, The Yogi of Cockroach Court, 00:01:54.130 --> 00:01:56.740 align:middle line:90% and The Woman at Otowi Crossing. 00:01:56.740 --> 00:01:58.720 align:middle line:84% We do have some books for sale in the hall 00:01:58.720 --> 00:02:01.660 align:middle line:90% tonight, this table out here. 00:02:01.660 --> 00:02:03.805 align:middle line:84% Our great pleasure to present to you Frank Waters. 00:02:03.805 --> 00:02:05.996 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:02:05.996 --> 00:02:16.660 align:middle line:90% 00:02:16.660 --> 00:02:19.670 align:middle line:84% Thank you very much for the kind introduction, 00:02:19.670 --> 00:02:21.865 align:middle line:84% and I'm happy to see so many of you here. 00:02:21.865 --> 00:02:29.950 align:middle line:90% 00:02:29.950 --> 00:02:35.560 align:middle line:84% I've got three selections here to read from, if we have time. 00:02:35.560 --> 00:02:38.140 align:middle line:90% 00:02:38.140 --> 00:02:41.200 align:middle line:84% It was suggested that I get something 00:02:41.200 --> 00:02:46.312 align:middle line:84% out of an early book of mine, The Man Who Killed the Deer. 00:02:46.312 --> 00:02:48.910 align:middle line:90% 00:02:48.910 --> 00:02:54.670 align:middle line:84% This is a novel that was published in 1942, 00:02:54.670 --> 00:02:59.110 align:middle line:84% and a lot water's gone under the bridge since that time. 00:02:59.110 --> 00:03:02.650 align:middle line:90% 00:03:02.650 --> 00:03:06.835 align:middle line:84% This came out and was an absolute instant flop. 00:03:06.835 --> 00:03:10.630 align:middle line:90% 00:03:10.630 --> 00:03:15.910 align:middle line:84% It wasn't only because it came out just before Pearl Harbor, 00:03:15.910 --> 00:03:20.380 align:middle line:84% and no one was interested in reading anything like this, 00:03:20.380 --> 00:03:25.570 align:middle line:84% at the time of starting a war, but also 00:03:25.570 --> 00:03:28.270 align:middle line:84% because, at that time in the '40s, 00:03:28.270 --> 00:03:31.030 align:middle line:84% the United States was still nursing 00:03:31.030 --> 00:03:34.750 align:middle line:90% its prejudice against Indians. 00:03:34.750 --> 00:03:40.390 align:middle line:84% Books on Indians, anything about the American Indian 00:03:40.390 --> 00:03:45.620 align:middle line:84% could hardly ever see print of any kind. 00:03:45.620 --> 00:03:50.200 align:middle line:84% Now, since then, of course, we've 00:03:50.200 --> 00:03:56.890 align:middle line:84% become, not quite Indian lovers, but very much accustomed 00:03:56.890 --> 00:04:01.210 align:middle line:84% to seeing a plethora of books about Indians. 00:04:01.210 --> 00:04:03.550 align:middle line:84% And many of them, thank goodness, 00:04:03.550 --> 00:04:07.990 align:middle line:84% beginning to be written by Indians themselves. 00:04:07.990 --> 00:04:17.740 align:middle line:84% Now, this excerpt I'm reading portrays a pueblo and customs, 00:04:17.740 --> 00:04:20.470 align:middle line:84% as I knew them at the time the book was written, 00:04:20.470 --> 00:04:23.140 align:middle line:90% in the late '30s and early '40s. 00:04:23.140 --> 00:04:26.680 align:middle line:90% And times have changed. 00:04:26.680 --> 00:04:30.400 align:middle line:84% The pueblos are modern, and the young children 00:04:30.400 --> 00:04:34.930 align:middle line:84% are not inured in the kivas in the early part of their lives. 00:04:34.930 --> 00:04:37.960 align:middle line:84% But they go to school, and they've 00:04:37.960 --> 00:04:42.790 align:middle line:84% gone to a couple of wars and are very much indoctrinated 00:04:42.790 --> 00:04:47.930 align:middle line:90% into the American way of life. 00:04:47.930 --> 00:04:53.470 align:middle line:84% But this is, I hope, a picture of Indians as to the time 00:04:53.470 --> 00:04:54.700 align:middle line:90% that I knew them. 00:04:54.700 --> 00:05:14.660 align:middle line:90% 00:05:14.660 --> 00:05:17.840 align:middle line:84% "As evening dusk began to blur the two 00:05:17.840 --> 00:05:23.180 align:middle line:84% pale splotches on the highest house tops, a third appeared. 00:05:23.180 --> 00:05:27.830 align:middle line:84% For minutes his deep, clear voice sang out sonorously 00:05:27.830 --> 00:05:29.630 align:middle line:90% to all below. 00:05:29.630 --> 00:05:34.910 align:middle line:84% It was like a summons, like muezzin's call at twilight. 00:05:34.910 --> 00:05:40.190 align:middle line:84% Each man stopped to listen, then continued to his task. 00:05:40.190 --> 00:05:43.970 align:middle line:84% A meeting of the council had been called. 00:05:43.970 --> 00:05:48.560 align:middle line:84% The old man walked in slowly and sat down silently on the ledge, 00:05:48.560 --> 00:05:51.470 align:middle line:90% running around three walls. 00:05:51.470 --> 00:05:55.640 align:middle line:84% Palemon wore a new, red blanket and a proud, dark face. 00:05:55.640 --> 00:05:59.720 align:middle line:84% Martiniano a white bandage around his head and a sallow 00:05:59.720 --> 00:06:01.760 align:middle line:90% face. 00:06:01.760 --> 00:06:04.640 align:middle line:84% Being young men, not members of the council, 00:06:04.640 --> 00:06:07.580 align:middle line:84% they seated themselves close to the door, 00:06:07.580 --> 00:06:11.090 align:middle line:84% beside two younger still, already there. 00:06:11.090 --> 00:06:14.560 align:middle line:90% 00:06:14.560 --> 00:06:16.180 align:middle line:90% It was a big room. 00:06:16.180 --> 00:06:19.360 align:middle line:84% Scattered on the plank floor were little wooden boxes 00:06:19.360 --> 00:06:20.920 align:middle line:90% filled with clean sand. 00:06:20.920 --> 00:06:23.890 align:middle line:84% The whitewashed walls were clean and bare, 00:06:23.890 --> 00:06:26.020 align:middle line:84% except for the silver headed canes 00:06:26.020 --> 00:06:30.400 align:middle line:84% of authority of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor hanging 00:06:30.400 --> 00:06:35.290 align:middle line:84% below a picture of Abraham Lincoln, their donor. 00:06:35.290 --> 00:06:39.850 align:middle line:84% The vigas supporting the roof gleamed dark yellow as honey. 00:06:39.850 --> 00:06:45.010 align:middle line:84% A man dipped into the flame a branch of cedar. 00:06:45.010 --> 00:06:48.460 align:middle line:84% As it burned in his hand, he walked about the room, 00:06:48.460 --> 00:06:52.690 align:middle line:84% so that its sharp, clean odor filled the air. 00:06:52.690 --> 00:06:55.720 align:middle line:84% In the middle of the room sat a deal table, 00:06:55.720 --> 00:06:59.740 align:middle line:84% holding one candle, stuck in a shiny black stick of Santa 00:06:59.740 --> 00:07:01.600 align:middle line:90% Clara ware. 00:07:01.600 --> 00:07:05.830 align:middle line:84% The only two chairs in the room were drawn up before it. 00:07:05.830 --> 00:07:09.100 align:middle line:84% In one sat an intelligent looking middle-aged man 00:07:09.100 --> 00:07:14.290 align:middle line:84% in American clothes, save that the heels of his shoes 00:07:14.290 --> 00:07:18.370 align:middle line:84% had been removed and a blanket was wrapped around the middle. 00:07:18.370 --> 00:07:22.570 align:middle line:84% He would probably not open his mouth all evening. 00:07:22.570 --> 00:07:26.740 align:middle line:84% For a while, most of those present spoke Spanish 00:07:26.740 --> 00:07:30.220 align:middle line:90% and understood English. 00:07:30.220 --> 00:07:33.970 align:middle line:84% They would speak tonight only in their own tongue, 00:07:33.970 --> 00:07:37.870 align:middle line:90% but this was his usual post. 00:07:37.870 --> 00:07:41.290 align:middle line:84% The occupant of the other chair drew it back closer 00:07:41.290 --> 00:07:42.400 align:middle line:90% to the fire. 00:07:42.400 --> 00:07:46.660 align:middle line:84% He was the same crag that still jutted out unbroken 00:07:46.660 --> 00:07:49.600 align:middle line:90% into the waves of life. 00:07:49.600 --> 00:07:54.500 align:middle line:84% There was snow in his scraggly hair, moss on his face. 00:07:54.500 --> 00:07:58.480 align:middle line:84% His eyes were like those of a sun hawk, of a mystic, 00:07:58.480 --> 00:08:01.900 align:middle line:84% of an old, old man, who really couldn't focus 00:08:01.900 --> 00:08:04.570 align:middle line:90% very well on mere objects. 00:08:04.570 --> 00:08:07.900 align:middle line:84% They were the most compelling things in the room. 00:08:07.900 --> 00:08:11.080 align:middle line:84% For while those of the Governor, who sat behind him, 00:08:11.080 --> 00:08:14.560 align:middle line:84% saw through all, the passions of weather and men 00:08:14.560 --> 00:08:20.470 align:middle line:84% to the calm heart of all storms, these eyes saw farther. 00:08:20.470 --> 00:08:27.070 align:middle line:84% They saw the stormy soul of creation within the calm. 00:08:27.070 --> 00:08:31.330 align:middle line:84% They were the eyes that watched the sunsets from the highest 00:08:31.330 --> 00:08:36.130 align:middle line:84% housetop to make solar observations as the sun left 00:08:36.130 --> 00:08:38.650 align:middle line:90% its house mountain. 00:08:38.650 --> 00:08:41.860 align:middle line:84% That determined, for his people, the solstice 00:08:41.860 --> 00:08:44.920 align:middle line:90% in times for ceremonial dances. 00:08:44.920 --> 00:08:49.675 align:middle line:84% He was the Cacique, holding hereditary office for life. 00:08:49.675 --> 00:08:53.530 align:middle line:90% 00:08:53.530 --> 00:08:57.280 align:middle line:84% On the ledge behind him, on each side of the Governor, 00:08:57.280 --> 00:09:00.700 align:middle line:84% sat the Lieutenant Governor, the War Captain, the Fiscal, 00:09:00.700 --> 00:09:03.760 align:middle line:84% and their assistants, and all the Kiva Chiefs. 00:09:03.760 --> 00:09:07.930 align:middle line:84% And about them sat the old men with faces sharp as hawks 00:09:07.930 --> 00:09:10.630 align:middle line:84% and old and wrinkled as cedar bark, 00:09:10.630 --> 00:09:13.450 align:middle line:84% with blankets drawn up around their shoulders. 00:09:13.450 --> 00:09:18.280 align:middle line:90% Nearly 40 men, all old. 00:09:18.280 --> 00:09:23.170 align:middle line:84% The door was closed and still, they sat unspeaking, 00:09:23.170 --> 00:09:25.720 align:middle line:90% hunching blankets closer. 00:09:25.720 --> 00:09:30.520 align:middle line:84% It was a terrible tension, the deathless silence, the dim 00:09:30.520 --> 00:09:34.780 align:middle line:84% light, and the dark somber faces now shrouded, 00:09:34.780 --> 00:09:39.820 align:middle line:84% so that only the eyes stared out black and bright as beads. 00:09:39.820 --> 00:09:42.130 align:middle line:84% It was as if they had gathered to read, 00:09:42.130 --> 00:09:46.840 align:middle line:84% from symbols, those meanings, which were themselves symbols 00:09:46.840 --> 00:09:49.720 align:middle line:84% of a life, whose substance they could, 00:09:49.720 --> 00:09:54.370 align:middle line:84% they felt but could not see, whose edges they 00:09:54.370 --> 00:09:59.230 align:middle line:84% touched like the shape of a door, but could not open. 00:09:59.230 --> 00:10:01.420 align:middle line:90% The Governor broke. 00:10:01.420 --> 00:10:05.500 align:middle line:84% He grinned a little toothlessly and picked up a brown paper bag 00:10:05.500 --> 00:10:08.200 align:middle line:84% from the floor to slide across the table. 00:10:08.200 --> 00:10:10.840 align:middle line:84% The interpreter walked with it around the room, 00:10:10.840 --> 00:10:13.930 align:middle line:84% passing, pausing before each man. 00:10:13.930 --> 00:10:17.890 align:middle line:84% It was a roll of huge, black tobacco leaves folded when 00:10:17.890 --> 00:10:21.160 align:middle line:90% damp, and now dry and hard-- 00:10:21.160 --> 00:10:25.720 align:middle line:84% punche from the mountains of Mexico, strong as the kick 00:10:25.720 --> 00:10:28.270 align:middle line:90% off a horse. 00:10:28.270 --> 00:10:30.490 align:middle line:84% Each man chuckled and made a little joke 00:10:30.490 --> 00:10:34.120 align:middle line:84% as he broke off a pinch, crushed it between calloused palms, 00:10:34.120 --> 00:10:36.520 align:middle line:90% and rolled a cigarette. 00:10:36.520 --> 00:10:40.240 align:middle line:84% They sat, and smoked, and spit into the little wooden boxes 00:10:40.240 --> 00:10:45.040 align:middle line:84% filled with sand on the floor before them. 00:10:45.040 --> 00:10:47.890 align:middle line:84% Now, the silence, impregnated with smoke, 00:10:47.890 --> 00:10:51.580 align:middle line:84% seemed thicker, heavier, and the tension held again. 00:10:51.580 --> 00:10:55.810 align:middle line:84% As each man threw away his stub, he leaned back against the wall 00:10:55.810 --> 00:10:58.300 align:middle line:84% and drew the blanket up around his head. 00:10:58.300 --> 00:11:00.835 align:middle line:84% They might all have been settling for a sleep. 00:11:00.835 --> 00:11:03.460 align:middle line:90% 00:11:03.460 --> 00:11:06.790 align:middle line:84% Then, suddenly, the talk, measured, slow, 00:11:06.790 --> 00:11:09.070 align:middle line:90% polite, and wary-- 00:11:09.070 --> 00:11:11.620 align:middle line:90% the Governor began it. 00:11:11.620 --> 00:11:14.920 align:middle line:84% Martiniano here and these two boys, 00:11:14.920 --> 00:11:17.710 align:middle line:84% they have got themselves into trouble. 00:11:17.710 --> 00:11:20.860 align:middle line:84% They have caused trouble in the air. 00:11:20.860 --> 00:11:22.330 align:middle line:90% There will be more. 00:11:22.330 --> 00:11:25.120 align:middle line:90% There is much to consider. 00:11:25.120 --> 00:11:29.140 align:middle line:84% Is it not true or has my tongue betrayed me? 00:11:29.140 --> 00:11:31.250 align:middle line:90% Ai, ai, ai. 00:11:31.250 --> 00:11:35.320 align:middle line:84% Well then, let us consider it fully and calmly like men. 00:11:35.320 --> 00:11:38.320 align:middle line:84% Not all women are chattering magpies. 00:11:38.320 --> 00:11:41.110 align:middle line:90% Let us move evenly together. 00:11:41.110 --> 00:11:44.020 align:middle line:84% Martiniano here and these two boys, 00:11:44.020 --> 00:11:46.330 align:middle line:90% they went into the mountains. 00:11:46.330 --> 00:11:47.830 align:middle line:90% A deer was killed. 00:11:47.830 --> 00:11:50.170 align:middle line:90% They were arrested. 00:11:50.170 --> 00:11:52.480 align:middle line:90% Now, let the young men speak. 00:11:52.480 --> 00:11:57.200 align:middle line:84% Filadelphio, are you ready to empty your heart? 00:11:57.200 --> 00:12:01.990 align:middle line:84% God knows, will help us, will give us medicine. 00:12:01.990 --> 00:12:04.840 align:middle line:90% Filadelphio spoke. 00:12:04.840 --> 00:12:07.240 align:middle line:84% Like his companion, he was just 20, 00:12:07.240 --> 00:12:11.350 align:middle line:84% with short hair and better known by his Spanish name. 00:12:11.350 --> 00:12:16.300 align:middle line:84% This is what I say, it makes two days I started with Jesus here 00:12:16.300 --> 00:12:19.450 align:middle line:84% and Martiniano, whom you see also. 00:12:19.450 --> 00:12:22.060 align:middle line:84% We went up the low trail, the high trail. 00:12:22.060 --> 00:12:23.260 align:middle line:90% We crossed the stream. 00:12:23.260 --> 00:12:25.150 align:middle line:90% We entered the canyon. 00:12:25.150 --> 00:12:28.630 align:middle line:84% We went past the Saltillo, past the beaver dams. 00:12:28.630 --> 00:12:32.290 align:middle line:84% We came to the small mountain pastures among the aspens, 00:12:32.290 --> 00:12:34.000 align:middle line:90% and then it was dark. 00:12:34.000 --> 00:12:35.380 align:middle line:90% We slept. 00:12:35.380 --> 00:12:38.090 align:middle line:84% Low and measureless, his voice went on. 00:12:38.090 --> 00:12:40.210 align:middle line:90% We got up. 00:12:40.210 --> 00:12:41.440 align:middle line:90% It was gray and cold. 00:12:41.440 --> 00:12:43.030 align:middle line:90% We had nothing left to eat. 00:12:43.030 --> 00:12:45.460 align:middle line:84% We thought we were all go back now, 00:12:45.460 --> 00:12:48.920 align:middle line:84% but Martiniano saw the fresh spoor of a deer. 00:12:48.920 --> 00:12:52.150 align:middle line:84% He said, I will just put a shell in my gun. 00:12:52.150 --> 00:12:54.370 align:middle line:90% I will just kill that deer. 00:12:54.370 --> 00:13:02.870 align:middle line:84% My wife will like fresh meat, so we started forth, 00:13:02.870 --> 00:13:07.730 align:middle line:84% myself on one side, Jesus on the other, Martiniano in the middle 00:13:07.730 --> 00:13:09.530 align:middle line:90% and ahead. 00:13:09.530 --> 00:13:14.000 align:middle line:84% What man does not know how a deer bounds up the slope when 00:13:14.000 --> 00:13:15.110 align:middle line:90% startled in the brush? 00:13:15.110 --> 00:13:16.130 align:middle line:90% We saw it. 00:13:16.130 --> 00:13:17.630 align:middle line:90% Martiniano shot it. 00:13:17.630 --> 00:13:18.800 align:middle line:90% It fell dead. 00:13:18.800 --> 00:13:20.570 align:middle line:90% Down to the vega we carried it. 00:13:20.570 --> 00:13:21.830 align:middle line:90% The sun was high. 00:13:21.830 --> 00:13:23.990 align:middle line:90% It was past dinnertime. 00:13:23.990 --> 00:13:28.100 align:middle line:84% Two men rode up on horseback, white men, government men. 00:13:28.100 --> 00:13:29.030 align:middle line:90% They were angry. 00:13:29.030 --> 00:13:32.450 align:middle line:84% They said, it is past the government time for killing 00:13:32.450 --> 00:13:36.590 align:middle line:90% deer on government land. 00:13:36.590 --> 00:13:37.850 align:middle line:90% We arrest you. 00:13:37.850 --> 00:13:43.100 align:middle line:84% Come now and pay heavy fines, and one man on his horse 00:13:43.100 --> 00:13:47.360 align:middle line:90% led away Jesus and me on foot. 00:13:47.360 --> 00:13:49.310 align:middle line:90% Martiniano did not look up. 00:13:49.310 --> 00:13:52.110 align:middle line:84% He was busy taking out the deer's insides. 00:13:52.110 --> 00:13:54.170 align:middle line:90% Hes said, I am Indian. 00:13:54.170 --> 00:13:55.430 align:middle line:90% I am hungry. 00:13:55.430 --> 00:13:59.870 align:middle line:84% Why should I hurry for government men? 00:13:59.870 --> 00:14:01.010 align:middle line:90% We heard no more. 00:14:01.010 --> 00:14:02.000 align:middle line:90% We saw no more. 00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:03.410 align:middle line:90% We went to the jail. 00:14:03.410 --> 00:14:05.420 align:middle line:90% The Jefe took our names. 00:14:05.420 --> 00:14:11.000 align:middle line:84% He looked into our faces and said, there may be heavy fines. 00:14:11.000 --> 00:14:14.360 align:middle line:84% I would have your fathers come see me, 00:14:14.360 --> 00:14:19.760 align:middle line:84% and we came back as we were bid, and now, my heart is empty. 00:14:19.760 --> 00:14:22.040 align:middle line:90% This I say. 00:14:22.040 --> 00:14:26.030 align:middle line:84% It had taken nearly a half hour, and it took Jesus almost as 00:14:26.030 --> 00:14:27.560 align:middle line:90% long to confirm it. 00:14:27.560 --> 00:14:30.410 align:middle line:90% But these were mere details. 00:14:30.410 --> 00:14:33.500 align:middle line:84% What was the substance of this action? 00:14:33.500 --> 00:14:36.890 align:middle line:84% Why did two young men go with Martiniano into the mountains, 00:14:36.890 --> 00:14:40.610 align:middle line:84% without food, to stay all night away from their beds? 00:14:40.610 --> 00:14:45.110 align:middle line:90% Are we not all in one nest? 00:14:45.110 --> 00:14:47.510 align:middle line:84% Jesus tried not to look surprised. 00:14:47.510 --> 00:14:49.340 align:middle line:90% Why did one go to the mountains? 00:14:49.340 --> 00:14:53.360 align:middle line:84% What man did not go to the mountains? 00:14:53.360 --> 00:14:56.330 align:middle line:84% There were the stars, the moon, the shimmer of brittle leaves. 00:14:56.330 --> 00:14:59.690 align:middle line:84% There was, if the truth be emptied from the heart, 00:14:59.690 --> 00:15:04.520 align:middle line:84% the sweet smelling sachet growing on high and which 00:15:04.520 --> 00:15:06.980 align:middle line:90% the young girls treasure. 00:15:06.980 --> 00:15:10.490 align:middle line:84% Moreover, there was this about the fresh spoor of a dear. 00:15:10.490 --> 00:15:12.350 align:middle line:84% One minute, a man had no thought. 00:15:12.350 --> 00:15:15.170 align:middle line:84% The next minute, there he had but one thought. 00:15:15.170 --> 00:15:19.340 align:middle line:84% Has it not always been so with our people? 00:15:19.340 --> 00:15:22.110 align:middle line:84% Jesus was very modest about these things. 00:15:22.110 --> 00:15:23.690 align:middle line:90% His voice was very low. 00:15:23.690 --> 00:15:26.510 align:middle line:84% No man reproached him with word or look, 00:15:26.510 --> 00:15:29.000 align:middle line:84% but still, his heart told him that he 00:15:29.000 --> 00:15:33.230 align:middle line:84% had been too confident in his assertions and assumptions, 00:15:33.230 --> 00:15:35.720 align:middle line:90% too bold in speaking thus. 00:15:35.720 --> 00:15:41.120 align:middle line:84% And he sat down, a little too haughtily to mask his shame, 00:15:41.120 --> 00:15:45.590 align:middle line:84% and wondering what his father would say to him tomorrow. 00:15:45.590 --> 00:15:47.960 align:middle line:90% Now, Palemon spoke forth. 00:15:47.960 --> 00:15:50.150 align:middle line:90% He, too, was a young man. 00:15:50.150 --> 00:15:52.880 align:middle line:90% And would not be regarded-- 00:15:52.880 --> 00:15:57.080 align:middle line:84% and would be so regarded till he was 50, 00:15:57.080 --> 00:15:58.970 align:middle line:90% but he had a wife and children. 00:15:58.970 --> 00:16:00.500 align:middle line:90% He worked his land. 00:16:00.500 --> 00:16:03.470 align:middle line:84% He did his ceremonial duties, and so he 00:16:03.470 --> 00:16:10.310 align:middle line:84% was old enough to empty his heart in proud humility. 00:16:10.310 --> 00:16:12.110 align:middle line:90% My wife was in bed. 00:16:12.110 --> 00:16:14.970 align:middle line:90% My children was, were in bed. 00:16:14.970 --> 00:16:15.920 align:middle line:90% I was in bed. 00:16:15.920 --> 00:16:18.470 align:middle line:84% They were asleep, but I was not asleep. 00:16:18.470 --> 00:16:22.310 align:middle line:84% So I lay awake and wondered, why I looked this way and that way, 00:16:22.310 --> 00:16:26.820 align:middle line:90% into my body, my mind, my heart. 00:16:26.820 --> 00:16:30.230 align:middle line:84% You know how it is when there is something in the air. 00:16:30.230 --> 00:16:31.430 align:middle line:90% You cannot touch it. 00:16:31.430 --> 00:16:32.810 align:middle line:90% You cannot think it. 00:16:32.810 --> 00:16:36.620 align:middle line:84% You cannot feel it, but it is there. 00:16:36.620 --> 00:16:39.440 align:middle line:84% I listened to the heart of my body. 00:16:39.440 --> 00:16:42.110 align:middle line:84% I listened to the heart of the mountain. 00:16:42.110 --> 00:16:46.670 align:middle line:84% And I knew that something was wrong, so I waited. 00:16:46.670 --> 00:16:48.920 align:middle line:90% I heard grandfather coyote cry. 00:16:48.920 --> 00:16:50.525 align:middle line:90% I heard him cry four times. 00:16:50.525 --> 00:16:53.030 align:middle line:90% 00:16:53.030 --> 00:16:55.880 align:middle line:84% I went out and saddled my mare, and I listened 00:16:55.880 --> 00:16:57.500 align:middle line:90% to the heart of my body. 00:16:57.500 --> 00:16:59.750 align:middle line:84% And I listened to the heart of the mountain, 00:16:59.750 --> 00:17:02.960 align:middle line:90% and I knew I had done well. 00:17:02.960 --> 00:17:06.000 align:middle line:84% Grandfather coyote no longer cried. 00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:09.710 align:middle line:84% He was no longer angry, but grandfather crow 00:17:09.710 --> 00:17:14.900 align:middle line:84% and his brothers were calling, Palemon, Palemon. 00:17:14.900 --> 00:17:17.150 align:middle line:84% So I rode up to the mountain, and they 00:17:17.150 --> 00:17:20.660 align:middle line:90% stopped calling because I came. 00:17:20.660 --> 00:17:23.510 align:middle line:84% I rode up the canyon, past the beaver dams, 00:17:23.510 --> 00:17:26.780 align:middle line:90% until the tall pale aspens. 00:17:26.780 --> 00:17:29.450 align:middle line:84% Above me, the night people came out clear. 00:17:29.450 --> 00:17:32.540 align:middle line:84% Morning Star Older Brother showed me the way, 00:17:32.540 --> 00:17:37.940 align:middle line:84% so I came to where the trail winds up 00:17:37.940 --> 00:17:40.190 align:middle line:84% to cross the crest of the mountains. 00:17:40.190 --> 00:17:42.740 align:middle line:84% The little end dipped down into the lake, 00:17:42.740 --> 00:17:45.200 align:middle line:90% a little blue eye of faith. 00:17:45.200 --> 00:17:47.750 align:middle line:84% I could hear the great heart of the mountain. 00:17:47.750 --> 00:17:51.770 align:middle line:84% I could hear my own heart, and they were one, 00:17:51.770 --> 00:17:53.630 align:middle line:90% so I went no farther. 00:17:53.630 --> 00:17:56.630 align:middle line:84% And there I found him, Martiniano, 00:17:56.630 --> 00:18:00.620 align:middle line:84% with his broken head, so I brought him down. 00:18:00.620 --> 00:18:05.390 align:middle line:84% This I say, you know how it is, the things that no words speak, 00:18:05.390 --> 00:18:08.600 align:middle line:84% but which live in all our hearts, 00:18:08.600 --> 00:18:13.340 align:middle line:90% and now, my heart is empty, too. 00:18:13.340 --> 00:18:16.460 align:middle line:84% No man applauded him by word or look. 00:18:16.460 --> 00:18:20.180 align:middle line:84% They sat face bowed, eyes downward, 00:18:20.180 --> 00:18:23.330 align:middle line:84% wrapped in blankets, swathed in silence, 00:18:23.330 --> 00:18:27.230 align:middle line:84% but this silence was pregnant with the ever looming mystery. 00:18:27.230 --> 00:18:29.480 align:middle line:84% And the tentacles of mind and heart 00:18:29.480 --> 00:18:33.050 align:middle line:84% groped through it, to feed its-- feel its shape, 00:18:33.050 --> 00:18:36.140 align:middle line:90% and form, and substance. 00:18:36.140 --> 00:18:39.170 align:middle line:90% Palemon knew he had spoken well. 00:18:39.170 --> 00:18:42.440 align:middle line:84% He slept modestly on his bench, no longer 00:18:42.440 --> 00:18:44.870 align:middle line:84% conscious of his new red blanket. 00:18:44.870 --> 00:18:49.550 align:middle line:90% 00:18:49.550 --> 00:18:52.340 align:middle line:84% A council meeting is a strange thing. 00:18:52.340 --> 00:18:55.040 align:middle line:84% The fire crackles, the candle gutters, 00:18:55.040 --> 00:18:59.930 align:middle line:84% and the old men set stolidly on their benches. 00:18:59.930 --> 00:19:02.300 align:middle line:84% When a man speaks, they do not interrupt. 00:19:02.300 --> 00:19:07.550 align:middle line:84% They lower their swathed heads or half close their eyes, so as 00:19:07.550 --> 00:19:12.830 align:middle line:84% not to encourage or embarrass him with a look. 00:19:12.830 --> 00:19:15.980 align:middle line:84% And when the guttural Indian voice finally stops, 00:19:15.980 --> 00:19:18.860 align:middle line:84% there is silence, a silence so heavy 00:19:18.860 --> 00:19:23.030 align:middle line:84% and profound, that it squashes the kernel of truth 00:19:23.030 --> 00:19:29.150 align:middle line:84% out of his words and leaves the meaningless husk, mercilessly 00:19:29.150 --> 00:19:30.800 align:middle line:90% exposed. 00:19:30.800 --> 00:19:33.710 align:middle line:90% And still, no man speaks. 00:19:33.710 --> 00:19:36.950 align:middle line:84% Each waits courteously for another, 00:19:36.950 --> 00:19:40.340 align:middle line:84% and the silence grows around the walls, 00:19:40.340 --> 00:19:46.160 align:middle line:84% handed from one to another until all the silence is one silence. 00:19:46.160 --> 00:19:49.040 align:middle line:84% And that silence has the meaning of all 00:19:49.040 --> 00:19:50.990 align:middle line:90% so the individuals vanish. 00:19:50.990 --> 00:19:53.600 align:middle line:90% 00:19:53.600 --> 00:19:56.090 align:middle line:90% It is all one heart. 00:19:56.090 --> 00:19:57.800 align:middle line:90% It is the soul of the tribe. 00:19:57.800 --> 00:20:01.240 align:middle line:90% 00:20:01.240 --> 00:20:05.890 align:middle line:84% A council meeting is one half talk and one half silence. 00:20:05.890 --> 00:20:09.160 align:middle line:84% The silence has more weight, more meaning, 00:20:09.160 --> 00:20:12.580 align:middle line:90% more intonations than the talk. 00:20:12.580 --> 00:20:15.550 align:middle line:84% It is angry, impatient, cheerful, but masked 00:20:15.550 --> 00:20:18.610 align:middle line:90% by calmness, patience, dignity. 00:20:18.610 --> 00:20:21.910 align:middle line:84% Thus the members move evenly together. 00:20:21.910 --> 00:20:23.560 align:middle line:90% Now it suddenly thickened. 00:20:23.560 --> 00:20:26.050 align:middle line:90% It boiled over. 00:20:26.050 --> 00:20:28.690 align:middle line:84% It was the taut silence of a hunter 00:20:28.690 --> 00:20:32.250 align:middle line:90% the moment before striking. 00:20:32.250 --> 00:20:36.400 align:middle line:84% Ai, now, let us look at the center of this trouble. 00:20:36.400 --> 00:20:40.930 align:middle line:84% Now, let Martiniano, Martiniano put out his face in his belly 00:20:40.930 --> 00:20:45.220 align:middle line:84% before us, and so speak so as to empty his heart. 00:20:45.220 --> 00:20:48.970 align:middle line:84% God knows and will help us, he'll give us medicine. 00:20:48.970 --> 00:20:52.150 align:middle line:90% 00:20:52.150 --> 00:20:54.100 align:middle line:90% Martiniano began to speak. 00:20:54.100 --> 00:20:56.470 align:middle line:84% He had a cinnamon sallow pain wracked 00:20:56.470 --> 00:21:00.830 align:middle line:84% face and a bloody white bandage around his head. 00:21:00.830 --> 00:21:03.550 align:middle line:84% He was not as young as Filadelphio and Jesus, 00:21:03.550 --> 00:21:04.690 align:middle line:90% or as old as Palemon. 00:21:04.690 --> 00:21:10.410 align:middle line:90% 00:21:10.410 --> 00:21:12.960 align:middle line:84% His face and demeanor showed that he was at once 00:21:12.960 --> 00:21:15.210 align:middle line:84% of the old and the new, and then it 00:21:15.210 --> 00:21:18.390 align:middle line:84% was not the first time he had been caught between them. 00:21:18.390 --> 00:21:22.140 align:middle line:84% His voice was sullen, but respectful. 00:21:22.140 --> 00:21:24.540 align:middle line:84% I went to the mountains, and I took my rifle. 00:21:24.540 --> 00:21:28.020 align:middle line:84% I wanted to kill a deer, he stated defiantly. 00:21:28.020 --> 00:21:30.750 align:middle line:84% The council does not give me the privilege of others 00:21:30.750 --> 00:21:33.120 align:middle line:84% since I have come back from a white school. 00:21:33.120 --> 00:21:36.900 align:middle line:84% It would not give me my turn at the thresher for my oats, 00:21:36.900 --> 00:21:40.110 align:middle line:84% my wheat, so I had to thresh them the old way 00:21:40.110 --> 00:21:41.940 align:middle line:90% with my animals' hoofs. 00:21:41.940 --> 00:21:44.490 align:middle line:90% It took me a long, long time-- 00:21:44.490 --> 00:21:47.490 align:middle line:84% what should have taken but a day. 00:21:47.490 --> 00:21:49.530 align:middle line:84% Then my friend, the good white trader, 00:21:49.530 --> 00:21:53.220 align:middle line:84% loaned me his machine for one sack out of 10. 00:21:53.220 --> 00:21:56.910 align:middle line:84% Yet it was two days after hunting season that I finished. 00:21:56.910 --> 00:21:59.250 align:middle line:84% Should my wife be without fresh meat, 00:21:59.250 --> 00:22:01.380 align:middle line:90% a skin for boots and moccasins? 00:22:01.380 --> 00:22:04.020 align:middle line:84% Should I go without my rights for two days 00:22:04.020 --> 00:22:06.570 align:middle line:90% for a white man's law? 00:22:06.570 --> 00:22:11.820 align:middle line:84% The white man's government that took me away to school. 00:22:11.820 --> 00:22:13.590 align:middle line:84% What is the difference between killing 00:22:13.590 --> 00:22:15.690 align:middle line:90% a deer on Tuesday or Thursday? 00:22:15.690 --> 00:22:19.350 align:middle line:84% Would I not have killed it anyway? 00:22:19.350 --> 00:22:21.270 align:middle line:84% He paused to twang at the council 00:22:21.270 --> 00:22:25.020 align:middle line:90% the arrows of accusing silence. 00:22:25.020 --> 00:22:28.950 align:middle line:84% It missed the mark or, perhaps, the mute 00:22:28.950 --> 00:22:32.370 align:middle line:84% impenetrability of those rows of covered faces 00:22:32.370 --> 00:22:36.150 align:middle line:90% was too sturdy a shield. 00:22:36.150 --> 00:22:38.175 align:middle line:90% Martiniano resumed. 00:22:38.175 --> 00:22:41.100 align:middle line:90% 00:22:41.100 --> 00:22:43.890 align:middle line:84% This I told the government man who remained 00:22:43.890 --> 00:22:45.240 align:middle line:90% with me as you have heard. 00:22:45.240 --> 00:22:48.360 align:middle line:84% I did not have to look up to hear his angry voice, 00:22:48.360 --> 00:22:51.180 align:middle line:84% to feel the hate steaming from his body. 00:22:51.180 --> 00:22:53.880 align:middle line:84% You dirty Indian who kills deer out 00:22:53.880 --> 00:22:58.350 align:middle line:84% of season in this government's National Forest. 00:22:58.350 --> 00:23:01.470 align:middle line:84% I am going to ride up to that old mine for rope, 00:23:01.470 --> 00:23:02.370 align:middle line:90% to tie you up. 00:23:02.370 --> 00:23:05.940 align:middle line:84% Try to run away, and I'll shoot you like a dog. 00:23:05.940 --> 00:23:07.950 align:middle line:90% So he went away. 00:23:07.950 --> 00:23:10.080 align:middle line:84% I laid back the flap of the skin. 00:23:10.080 --> 00:23:11.790 align:middle line:90% I cut off a piece of my deer. 00:23:11.790 --> 00:23:12.750 align:middle line:90% I had no fear. 00:23:12.750 --> 00:23:14.100 align:middle line:90% I had hunger. 00:23:14.100 --> 00:23:16.710 align:middle line:90% I had not eaten the day before. 00:23:16.710 --> 00:23:20.460 align:middle line:84% While it cooked over the coals, I hid my deer in the bushes, 00:23:20.460 --> 00:23:24.030 align:middle line:84% but before I could eat it, he came back. 00:23:24.030 --> 00:23:26.700 align:middle line:90% The rope was on the saddle horn. 00:23:26.700 --> 00:23:30.120 align:middle line:90% The rifle raised to my breast. 00:23:30.120 --> 00:23:32.100 align:middle line:90% His face was red with anger. 00:23:32.100 --> 00:23:36.550 align:middle line:90% 00:23:36.550 --> 00:23:37.720 align:middle line:90% I turned over the meat. 00:23:37.720 --> 00:23:42.010 align:middle line:84% What Indian makes a foolish move before an angry white man's 00:23:42.010 --> 00:23:48.940 align:middle line:84% gun, but raised my hands to wipe off my fingers on my hair. 00:23:48.940 --> 00:23:52.540 align:middle line:84% At that moment, he struck with the Iron of his gun, 00:23:52.540 --> 00:23:54.970 align:middle line:90% across my head. 00:23:54.970 --> 00:23:58.000 align:middle line:84% I woke up my head was cracked open. 00:23:58.000 --> 00:23:59.890 align:middle line:90% Blood ran down my face. 00:23:59.890 --> 00:24:01.780 align:middle line:90% He had taken my knife. 00:24:01.780 --> 00:24:04.240 align:middle line:84% My hands were tied behind my back. 00:24:04.240 --> 00:24:07.060 align:middle line:84% When he kicked me, I tried to stand up. 00:24:07.060 --> 00:24:10.570 align:middle line:84% He lifted me like a sack of meal to the rump of his horse. 00:24:10.570 --> 00:24:13.960 align:middle line:90% We started off. 00:24:13.960 --> 00:24:14.890 align:middle line:90% [CLEARS THROAT] 00:24:14.890 --> 00:24:18.940 align:middle line:84% I could not sit up but fell upon his back. 00:24:18.940 --> 00:24:21.730 align:middle line:90% Blood ran down his shirt. 00:24:21.730 --> 00:24:24.160 align:middle line:90% This made him very angry. 00:24:24.160 --> 00:24:25.840 align:middle line:90% He put me up front. 00:24:25.840 --> 00:24:29.860 align:middle line:84% Still I bled and kept falling, save for his hand 00:24:29.860 --> 00:24:32.410 align:middle line:90% upon my collar. 00:24:32.410 --> 00:24:34.720 align:middle line:90% Now, my thoughts returned. 00:24:34.720 --> 00:24:38.540 align:middle line:84% I said, there is a thing I must do, 00:24:38.540 --> 00:24:42.640 align:middle line:84% which every man does behind a bush. 00:24:42.640 --> 00:24:43.540 align:middle line:90% You understand. 00:24:43.540 --> 00:24:48.130 align:middle line:84% It is this hurt, which makes my kidneys weak. 00:24:48.130 --> 00:24:49.390 align:middle line:90% He stopped the horse. 00:24:49.390 --> 00:24:52.300 align:middle line:90% I fell off and stood up. 00:24:52.300 --> 00:24:59.200 align:middle line:84% Pardon, I said, but my hands are tied behind my back. 00:24:59.200 --> 00:25:02.770 align:middle line:84% Oh no, you don't, he said, and with his rifle butt, 00:25:02.770 --> 00:25:05.090 align:middle line:84% he swept open the front of my trousers. 00:25:05.090 --> 00:25:08.830 align:middle line:84% See, how he tore off the buttons. 00:25:08.830 --> 00:25:15.310 align:middle line:84% His eyes hard as black obsidian, Martiniano stated quietly. 00:25:15.310 --> 00:25:19.780 align:middle line:84% One leg forward, showing the gaping flap 00:25:19.780 --> 00:25:22.750 align:middle line:90% of his bloodstained trousers. 00:25:22.750 --> 00:25:23.620 align:middle line:90% No one looked. 00:25:23.620 --> 00:25:25.960 align:middle line:90% They saw it in his face. 00:25:25.960 --> 00:25:31.060 align:middle line:84% If he had done more than that, Martiniano stated quietly, 00:25:31.060 --> 00:25:35.650 align:middle line:84% there would be more for this venerated council to consider. 00:25:35.650 --> 00:25:38.710 align:middle line:90% I would have killed him. 00:25:38.710 --> 00:25:43.510 align:middle line:84% But now, a shade on the apologetic side, I 00:25:43.510 --> 00:25:49.060 align:middle line:84% went noisily into the bushes, where I quietly waded upstream 00:25:49.060 --> 00:25:51.790 align:middle line:90% against the noise of the falls. 00:25:51.790 --> 00:25:55.750 align:middle line:84% I hid in water, deep between the logs of a beaver dam. 00:25:55.750 --> 00:25:57.760 align:middle line:90% I heard him saul-- 00:25:57.760 --> 00:25:58.900 align:middle line:90% I heard him call. 00:25:58.900 --> 00:26:02.020 align:middle line:84% I saw him plunging through the bushes to find me. 00:26:02.020 --> 00:26:05.080 align:middle line:90% Suddenly, he rode off. 00:26:05.080 --> 00:26:08.710 align:middle line:84% For a long time, I cut at my rope on the sharp rocks. 00:26:08.710 --> 00:26:12.300 align:middle line:90% 00:26:12.300 --> 00:26:14.895 align:middle line:84% When my hands were free, I crawled back up the trail. 00:26:14.895 --> 00:26:18.830 align:middle line:90% 00:26:18.830 --> 00:26:23.810 align:middle line:84% I was weak, but the thought of my deer meat made me vomit. 00:26:23.810 --> 00:26:27.590 align:middle line:84% I knew I was sick, so I lay down beside the stream. 00:26:27.590 --> 00:26:30.780 align:middle line:90% 00:26:30.780 --> 00:26:33.300 align:middle line:84% And strangely, when the morning star rose, 00:26:33.300 --> 00:26:37.800 align:middle line:84% though I was cold, and weak, and ill, I felt good. 00:26:37.800 --> 00:26:41.910 align:middle line:84% I felt good because I knew help would come. 00:26:41.910 --> 00:26:42.720 align:middle line:90% It came. 00:26:42.720 --> 00:26:44.580 align:middle line:90% It was Palemon. 00:26:44.580 --> 00:26:49.350 align:middle line:84% This I say with my face and my belly put out before you. 00:26:49.350 --> 00:26:52.320 align:middle line:90% And now, my heart is empty. 00:26:52.320 --> 00:26:54.510 align:middle line:90% Had they all fallen asleep-- 00:26:54.510 --> 00:26:58.230 align:middle line:84% these rolls of old men slumped against the walls, 00:26:58.230 --> 00:27:02.550 align:middle line:84% the whitewash rubbing off on their blankets, head down, 00:27:02.550 --> 00:27:07.260 align:middle line:84% or arm upraised to shut out the last sputtering pulgado 00:27:07.260 --> 00:27:08.370 align:middle line:90% of candle? 00:27:08.370 --> 00:27:12.180 align:middle line:90% If so, they continued dozing. 00:27:12.180 --> 00:27:15.440 align:middle line:84% Somebody spat noisily into one of the little sandboxes. 00:27:15.440 --> 00:27:21.660 align:middle line:90% 00:27:21.660 --> 00:27:27.360 align:middle line:84% Well, here were the facts thrust down the maw of silence. 00:27:27.360 --> 00:27:28.935 align:middle line:84% You could hear them being digested. 00:27:28.935 --> 00:27:34.810 align:middle line:90% 00:27:34.810 --> 00:27:39.090 align:middle line:84% And so, one after another, with proper pause, 00:27:39.090 --> 00:27:42.840 align:middle line:84% the guttural Indian voices began to speak. 00:27:42.840 --> 00:27:45.375 align:middle line:84% Let us move evenly together, brothers. 00:27:45.375 --> 00:27:53.420 align:middle line:90% 00:27:53.420 --> 00:27:58.340 align:middle line:84% This young man was an Indian, born in our pueblo, 00:27:58.340 --> 00:27:59.960 align:middle line:90% belonging to our tribe. 00:27:59.960 --> 00:28:03.860 align:middle line:84% Or was it-- was he, properly speaking? 00:28:03.860 --> 00:28:07.980 align:middle line:84% There was the definition of an Indian by the government-- 00:28:07.980 --> 00:28:11.780 align:middle line:84% so much Indian blood, land ownership, all that. 00:28:11.780 --> 00:28:16.730 align:middle line:84% But there was the definition of an Indian by the council, 00:28:16.730 --> 00:28:19.310 align:middle line:84% according to his conformance to custom, 00:28:19.310 --> 00:28:24.770 align:middle line:84% tradition, his participation in ceremonies. 00:28:24.770 --> 00:28:28.190 align:middle line:90% This young man has been lax. 00:28:28.190 --> 00:28:29.660 align:middle line:90% He has disobeyed us. 00:28:29.660 --> 00:28:30.800 align:middle line:90% We have punished him. 00:28:30.800 --> 00:28:34.850 align:middle line:84% Now, he has disobeyed, disobeyed the laws of the government 00:28:34.850 --> 00:28:36.470 align:middle line:90% outside likewise. 00:28:36.470 --> 00:28:41.210 align:middle line:84% What have we to do with this that we should interfere? 00:28:41.210 --> 00:28:50.900 align:middle line:90% 00:28:50.900 --> 00:28:53.030 align:middle line:84% The voices kept creeping around the room. 00:28:53.030 --> 00:28:59.520 align:middle line:90% 00:28:59.520 --> 00:29:03.810 align:middle line:84% In the government office 200 miles away, 00:29:03.810 --> 00:29:07.920 align:middle line:84% there is that Indian lawyer, our mouth in many matters. 00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:11.370 align:middle line:84% There is the judge in town, a short walk. 00:29:11.370 --> 00:29:15.720 align:middle line:84% Are we to turn this young man alone over to the judge? 00:29:15.720 --> 00:29:19.290 align:middle line:84% Or are we to call this Indian lawyer? 00:29:19.290 --> 00:29:21.090 align:middle line:90% And what are we to tell him? 00:29:21.090 --> 00:29:23.550 align:middle line:90% We must move evenly together. 00:29:23.550 --> 00:29:29.330 align:middle line:84% We must be one mind, one heart, one body. 00:29:29.330 --> 00:29:31.500 align:middle line:90% Silence spoke. 00:29:31.500 --> 00:29:33.480 align:middle line:90% It spoke the loudest of all. 00:29:33.480 --> 00:29:37.010 align:middle line:90% 00:29:37.010 --> 00:29:40.930 align:middle line:84% Finally, the old Cacique interrupted it. 00:29:40.930 --> 00:29:44.260 align:middle line:84% It was true that the young men nowadays did not 00:29:44.260 --> 00:29:46.300 align:middle line:90% observe such proper steps. 00:29:46.300 --> 00:29:48.040 align:middle line:84% And it was true that the game was 00:29:48.040 --> 00:29:50.940 align:middle line:90% becoming scarce because of it. 00:29:50.940 --> 00:29:54.970 align:middle line:84% Was it true that next, the water would fall, fail him, 00:29:54.970 --> 00:29:58.060 align:middle line:84% the air become dull and tasteless, 00:29:58.060 --> 00:30:01.210 align:middle line:90% the life go out of the land? 00:30:01.210 --> 00:30:03.970 align:middle line:84% So I would have you consider whether it is not 00:30:03.970 --> 00:30:08.950 align:middle line:84% time to be more strict with our young men, so corrupted 00:30:08.950 --> 00:30:12.580 align:middle line:84% with evil modern ways, lest we ourselves dwindle 00:30:12.580 --> 00:30:15.460 align:middle line:90% and vanish entirely. 00:30:15.460 --> 00:30:21.050 align:middle line:90% This I say, he ended. 00:30:21.050 --> 00:30:25.520 align:middle line:84% Dios knows, will help us, will give us medicine. 00:30:25.520 --> 00:30:38.325 align:middle line:84% But there is one thing were-- more to consider, the deer. 00:30:38.325 --> 00:30:44.890 align:middle line:90% 00:30:44.890 --> 00:30:54.340 align:middle line:84% Ceremonially, we sprinkled meal and pollen to our Father Sun, 00:30:54.340 --> 00:30:59.410 align:middle line:84% and when we killed a deer, we laid his head toward the east 00:30:59.410 --> 00:31:04.480 align:middle line:84% and sprinkled him with maize and pollen. 00:31:04.480 --> 00:31:08.260 align:middle line:84% And we dropped drops of his blood and bits of his flesh 00:31:08.260 --> 00:31:10.660 align:middle line:84% on the ground for our Mother Earth. 00:31:10.660 --> 00:31:13.720 align:middle line:90% It was proper so. 00:31:13.720 --> 00:31:19.600 align:middle line:84% We knew that the deer knew this, and was satisfied 00:31:19.600 --> 00:31:24.340 align:middle line:84% for we knew that the life of the deer was continued in our life, 00:31:24.340 --> 00:31:28.000 align:middle line:84% as it in turn was continued in the life 00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:32.680 align:middle line:84% all around us, below us, and above us. 00:31:32.680 --> 00:31:36.040 align:middle line:84% But this deer's permission was not obtained. 00:31:36.040 --> 00:31:39.550 align:middle line:84% What have we done to the deer, our brother? 00:31:39.550 --> 00:31:41.700 align:middle line:90% What have we done to ourselves? 00:31:41.700 --> 00:31:48.070 align:middle line:90% 00:31:48.070 --> 00:31:53.150 align:middle line:84% So the night grew thin as the thinnest gray blanket 00:31:53.150 --> 00:31:54.860 align:middle line:90% around the walls. 00:31:54.860 --> 00:31:58.460 align:middle line:84% The embers heaped upon the growing gray ashes. 00:31:58.460 --> 00:32:02.180 align:middle line:84% The little wooden sandbox is filled with cigarette stubs. 00:32:02.180 --> 00:32:05.510 align:middle line:84% The two sentinels came in a last time for warmth. 00:32:05.510 --> 00:32:07.760 align:middle line:90% In with them stalked daylight. 00:32:07.760 --> 00:32:11.420 align:middle line:84% And now the old men rose and stretched their stiff bent 00:32:11.420 --> 00:32:12.470 align:middle line:90% limbs. 00:32:12.470 --> 00:32:15.710 align:middle line:84% They gathered their blankets about their dark faces and bent 00:32:15.710 --> 00:32:16.880 align:middle line:90% shoulders. 00:32:16.880 --> 00:32:21.080 align:middle line:84% They hobbled out across the plaza in the dawn dusk. 00:32:21.080 --> 00:32:24.170 align:middle line:84% The meeting of the council was over. 00:32:24.170 --> 00:32:27.920 align:middle line:84% They were one body, one mind, one heart. 00:32:27.920 --> 00:32:29.990 align:middle line:90% They moved evenly together." 00:32:29.990 --> 00:32:33.483 align:middle line:90% 00:32:33.483 --> 00:32:35.978 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:32:35.978 --> 00:32:45.459 align:middle line:90% 00:32:45.459 --> 00:32:47.745 align:middle line:84% Can you give us a little bit [INAUDIBLE]?? 00:32:47.745 --> 00:32:48.245 align:middle line:90% Uhuh. 00:32:48.245 --> 00:32:51.668 align:middle line:90% 00:32:51.668 --> 00:32:52.835 align:middle line:90% Can you hear me in the back? 00:32:52.835 --> 00:32:55.275 align:middle line:90% Or is rather weak? 00:32:55.275 --> 00:32:56.520 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:32:56.520 --> 00:32:57.440 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:32:57.440 --> 00:33:09.440 align:middle line:84% I'll read-- That's the way I remember Indians, 00:33:09.440 --> 00:33:23.970 align:middle line:84% and their customs and manner of thinking 40 some years ago. 00:33:23.970 --> 00:33:26.750 align:middle line:84% Now, of course, they, the council 00:33:26.750 --> 00:33:32.660 align:middle line:84% has a new, modern government mill, built council chambers. 00:33:32.660 --> 00:33:34.350 align:middle line:90% They have secretaries. 00:33:34.350 --> 00:33:39.830 align:middle line:84% They have carpet, wall to wall carpets, 00:33:39.830 --> 00:33:46.430 align:middle line:84% and the TV there, typewriters, and so on, very modern. 00:33:46.430 --> 00:33:54.290 align:middle line:84% I think, however, that there's a substratum of feeling that 00:33:54.290 --> 00:34:01.430 align:middle line:84% does not come out to we, white people, who call on them there. 00:34:01.430 --> 00:34:09.940 align:middle line:84% Now, this next excerpt I'm going to read you, 00:34:09.940 --> 00:34:14.280 align:middle line:84% is taken from a short book Pumpkin Seed Point 00:34:14.280 --> 00:34:20.340 align:middle line:84% that I wrote telling some of my own personal experiences, 00:34:20.340 --> 00:34:22.980 align:middle line:84% when I lived among the Hopi people for about 00:34:22.980 --> 00:34:29.909 align:middle line:84% three years in 1959 to '61, to do research 00:34:29.909 --> 00:34:33.699 align:middle line:90% for The Book of the Hopi. 00:34:33.699 --> 00:34:41.530 align:middle line:90% 00:34:41.530 --> 00:34:53.330 align:middle line:84% That Book of the Hopi is a very long, long book that consists 00:34:53.330 --> 00:35:00.830 align:middle line:84% of the ceremonial myths, the creation myths, and the clan 00:35:00.830 --> 00:35:06.950 align:middle line:84% migrations, and the meaning of all the rituals and ceremonies 00:35:06.950 --> 00:35:11.150 align:middle line:84% in the annual cycle that was given to me 00:35:11.150 --> 00:35:16.610 align:middle line:84% and a helper, a Hopi by the name of Oswald Fredericks, 00:35:16.610 --> 00:35:18.290 align:middle line:90% who called himself White Bear. 00:35:18.290 --> 00:35:24.470 align:middle line:90% 00:35:24.470 --> 00:35:28.520 align:middle line:84% But this book was just my own personal experiences 00:35:28.520 --> 00:35:35.930 align:middle line:84% while working on that long, that long, longer book. 00:35:35.930 --> 00:35:41.600 align:middle line:90% 00:35:41.600 --> 00:35:47.750 align:middle line:84% There's something in the air that, I 00:35:47.750 --> 00:35:52.460 align:middle line:84% think, you will tie into, that will tie us back 00:35:52.460 --> 00:35:57.920 align:middle line:90% to the previous reading. 00:35:57.920 --> 00:36:14.220 align:middle line:90% [CLEARS THROAT] 00:36:14.220 --> 00:36:17.460 align:middle line:84% "It was a long walk home to the little house 00:36:17.460 --> 00:36:20.430 align:middle line:90% just under Pumpkin Seed Point. 00:36:20.430 --> 00:36:24.060 align:middle line:84% The distance wasn't far, scarcely a half mile. 00:36:24.060 --> 00:36:28.110 align:middle line:84% What made it seem long was the cold and the snow, darkness 00:36:28.110 --> 00:36:29.850 align:middle line:90% and silence. 00:36:29.850 --> 00:36:33.750 align:middle line:84% The acrid cold ate like a corrosive through woolen 00:36:33.750 --> 00:36:37.470 align:middle line:84% scarf, wrapped around my eyes and ears. 00:36:37.470 --> 00:36:41.370 align:middle line:84% The snow covering the rutted dirt road was frozen hard. 00:36:41.370 --> 00:36:45.510 align:middle line:84% Every step squeaked shrilly in the silence. 00:36:45.510 --> 00:36:47.790 align:middle line:84% Under the gritty winter stars, the earth 00:36:47.790 --> 00:36:51.870 align:middle line:84% spread out flat and bare, save for the jagged, rocky mesa 00:36:51.870 --> 00:36:54.870 align:middle line:84% jutting forth at Pumpkin Seed Point. 00:36:54.870 --> 00:36:57.540 align:middle line:84% In the faint, luminous starlight, 00:36:57.540 --> 00:37:02.100 align:middle line:84% a small stone building emerged in empty space-- 00:37:02.100 --> 00:37:05.460 align:middle line:84% the post office, farther off, the white clapboard Mennonite 00:37:05.460 --> 00:37:09.870 align:middle line:84% mission church loomed up, a pale ghost, shunned even on Sunday 00:37:09.870 --> 00:37:12.480 align:middle line:90% by all but a few converts. 00:37:12.480 --> 00:37:15.720 align:middle line:84% To us right, squatted the low sprawling trading post. 00:37:15.720 --> 00:37:21.210 align:middle line:84% It was an island in a sea of frozen mud, covered with snow. 00:37:21.210 --> 00:37:23.970 align:middle line:84% A naked electric light bulb blared 00:37:23.970 --> 00:37:26.340 align:middle line:84% through its iron barred windows, and there 00:37:26.340 --> 00:37:30.120 align:middle line:84% sounded the putt, putt, putt of the coughing gasoline engine 00:37:30.120 --> 00:37:32.910 align:middle line:90% that generated its juice. 00:37:32.910 --> 00:37:35.040 align:middle line:84% They were the only light and sound 00:37:35.040 --> 00:37:38.940 align:middle line:84% in this modern Hopi village of Kiakochomovi, 00:37:38.940 --> 00:37:41.940 align:middle line:90% which we know as New Oraibi. 00:37:41.940 --> 00:37:46.020 align:middle line:84% Beyond and behind the trading post, I trudge most of the-- 00:37:46.020 --> 00:37:50.400 align:middle line:84% past most of the houses in town, sturdy little buildings 00:37:50.400 --> 00:37:53.250 align:middle line:84% of stone, hewn from the rocky mesas, 00:37:53.250 --> 00:37:55.620 align:middle line:90% a few plastered over with adobe. 00:37:55.620 --> 00:38:00.930 align:middle line:84% Others were mere hovels, set into the side of the hill. 00:38:00.930 --> 00:38:04.350 align:middle line:84% They all had been dark and lifeless since eight o'clock. 00:38:04.350 --> 00:38:07.290 align:middle line:84% Even the gaunt Indian dogs lay quiet and shivering 00:38:07.290 --> 00:38:10.890 align:middle line:84% in front of the doors, barred against witches. 00:38:10.890 --> 00:38:14.865 align:middle line:84% The hill was not high, but it was a problem in all weathers. 00:38:14.865 --> 00:38:19.860 align:middle line:90% 00:38:19.860 --> 00:38:23.190 align:middle line:90% There my stood now-- 00:38:23.190 --> 00:38:26.040 align:middle line:84% There my car stood now, securely locked 00:38:26.040 --> 00:38:30.870 align:middle line:84% against stray Navajos, its windshield covered with ice. 00:38:30.870 --> 00:38:35.790 align:middle line:84% Slipping and panting now, I reached the top of the hill. 00:38:35.790 --> 00:38:39.960 align:middle line:84% To the left, backed against the rocky slope of Pumpkin Seed 00:38:39.960 --> 00:38:42.480 align:middle line:84% Point huddled a cluster of houses. 00:38:42.480 --> 00:38:46.260 align:middle line:84% In front of it, to the right, lay a huge pile of firewood 00:38:46.260 --> 00:38:48.690 align:middle line:84% that supplied many of the families. 00:38:48.690 --> 00:38:51.270 align:middle line:84% This was desert country and the great logs 00:38:51.270 --> 00:38:55.920 align:middle line:84% had been brought from mountains as far away as 100 miles. 00:38:55.920 --> 00:38:58.440 align:middle line:84% Most of them were cedar or juniper, 00:38:58.440 --> 00:39:01.380 align:middle line:84% for cedar splits easily and burns fast. 00:39:01.380 --> 00:39:03.840 align:middle line:90% It is no good for fireplaces. 00:39:03.840 --> 00:39:06.870 align:middle line:84% It throws out too many sparks, but the Hopis 00:39:06.870 --> 00:39:11.040 align:middle line:84% couldn't afford fireplaces, and they conserved every splinter 00:39:11.040 --> 00:39:12.960 align:middle line:90% to burn in their cooking stove. 00:39:12.960 --> 00:39:18.510 align:middle line:84% So all day long, every day, you would see men hacking away 00:39:18.510 --> 00:39:21.390 align:middle line:84% at these great twisted tree trunks, 00:39:21.390 --> 00:39:24.150 align:middle line:84% and women and children patiently gathering up 00:39:24.150 --> 00:39:26.160 align:middle line:90% chips and splinters. 00:39:26.160 --> 00:39:28.530 align:middle line:84% This hilltop was a focal point of life 00:39:28.530 --> 00:39:30.330 align:middle line:90% for more than the wood pile. 00:39:30.330 --> 00:39:33.150 align:middle line:84% It was also Crier's Point for here 00:39:33.150 --> 00:39:36.780 align:middle line:84% the village crier stood to cry out important news 00:39:36.780 --> 00:39:37.860 align:middle line:90% and announcements. 00:39:37.860 --> 00:39:41.820 align:middle line:84% Somehow, he always chose early morning for the chore. 00:39:41.820 --> 00:39:46.020 align:middle line:84% You were blasted out of bed by his guttural, singsong voice. 00:39:46.020 --> 00:39:48.930 align:middle line:84% Rushing to the window, you saw this devil's advocate, 00:39:48.930 --> 00:39:53.430 align:middle line:84% one foot propped up on the wood pile, shouting into space. 00:39:53.430 --> 00:39:55.170 align:middle line:90% Hopi is a voluble language. 00:39:55.170 --> 00:39:57.960 align:middle line:84% It took him five minutes or more to inform the waiting 00:39:57.960 --> 00:40:00.210 align:middle line:90% world of momentous news. 00:40:00.210 --> 00:40:03.000 align:middle line:84% What it had been this morning, paradoxically, 00:40:03.000 --> 00:40:05.580 align:middle line:84% was the announcement the Independent of Gallup, 00:40:05.580 --> 00:40:09.360 align:middle line:84% New Mexico was now starting to deliver newspapers 00:40:09.360 --> 00:40:13.180 align:middle line:84% to the reservation for the first time. 00:40:13.180 --> 00:40:16.950 align:middle line:84% This step in progress, it was unnecessary to prophesy, 00:40:16.950 --> 00:40:18.300 align:middle line:90% would go unheeded. 00:40:18.300 --> 00:40:21.285 align:middle line:84% It was easier to listen to the village crier. 00:40:21.285 --> 00:40:29.980 align:middle line:90% 00:40:29.980 --> 00:40:32.110 align:middle line:90% How damnable cold it was. 00:40:32.110 --> 00:40:35.200 align:middle line:84% But the key to my little house was waiting under the stone, 00:40:35.200 --> 00:40:39.940 align:middle line:84% beside the door, and the beam of a flashlight guided it 00:40:39.940 --> 00:40:41.890 align:middle line:90% into the lock. 00:40:41.890 --> 00:40:45.700 align:middle line:84% The first spurt of the gas light illuminated the room. 00:40:45.700 --> 00:40:48.940 align:middle line:84% In one corner was a small butane gas stove. 00:40:48.940 --> 00:40:51.220 align:middle line:84% From this ran a small pipe to a gas 00:40:51.220 --> 00:40:53.500 align:middle line:84% light fixture, mounted on the wall, 00:40:53.500 --> 00:40:55.840 align:middle line:84% above the bed in the opposite corner. 00:40:55.840 --> 00:40:58.090 align:middle line:90% Its location was awkward. 00:40:58.090 --> 00:41:00.820 align:middle line:84% The light was not bright enough to work by at a table, 00:41:00.820 --> 00:41:03.700 align:middle line:84% against the window, nor was the kerosene lamp 00:41:03.700 --> 00:41:05.870 align:middle line:84% I brought with me, when I moved in. 00:41:05.870 --> 00:41:08.920 align:middle line:84% So by necessity, I worked at the table by daylight 00:41:08.920 --> 00:41:12.040 align:middle line:84% and wrote up my notes in bed at night. 00:41:12.040 --> 00:41:15.620 align:middle line:90% 00:41:15.620 --> 00:41:17.390 align:middle line:84% There were two other pieces of furniture 00:41:17.390 --> 00:41:20.690 align:middle line:84% in the room, a dresser in the dark corner and a spare chair. 00:41:20.690 --> 00:41:36.400 align:middle line:90% 00:41:36.400 --> 00:41:40.250 align:middle line:84% It had seemed strange to me, when I first 00:41:40.250 --> 00:41:46.490 align:middle line:84% moved in, to be warned to lock the door at night. 00:41:46.490 --> 00:41:49.220 align:middle line:84% I don't mind the neighbors peeking in the windows. 00:41:49.220 --> 00:41:51.890 align:middle line:84% They'll soon get used to me, I answered. 00:41:51.890 --> 00:41:54.530 align:middle line:84% Stray Navajos won't break in either. 00:41:54.530 --> 00:41:58.280 align:middle line:84% They steal only what's left outside. 00:41:58.280 --> 00:41:59.660 align:middle line:90% White Bear shook his head. 00:41:59.660 --> 00:42:03.390 align:middle line:90% 00:42:03.390 --> 00:42:06.000 align:middle line:84% You don't think any Hopis will object so much 00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:09.870 align:middle line:84% to what we're doing that they'll come to make a fuss, do you? 00:42:09.870 --> 00:42:12.780 align:middle line:84% White Bear shook his head more solemnly. 00:42:12.780 --> 00:42:17.820 align:middle line:84% I have been warned to tell you that if you are in earnest, 00:42:17.820 --> 00:42:21.870 align:middle line:84% you will have a manifestation of some kind 00:42:21.870 --> 00:42:23.940 align:middle line:90% to prove your sincerity. 00:42:23.940 --> 00:42:29.220 align:middle line:84% That might frighten you, so lock the door. 00:42:29.220 --> 00:42:33.240 align:middle line:84% It seemed odd to me that a mere locked door 00:42:33.240 --> 00:42:36.390 align:middle line:84% would keep out either a witch or a good spirit 00:42:36.390 --> 00:42:38.700 align:middle line:90% if it chose to enter. 00:42:38.700 --> 00:42:42.310 align:middle line:84% But White Bear refused to say more. 00:42:42.310 --> 00:42:44.880 align:middle line:84% But that night, long after midnight, 00:42:44.880 --> 00:42:47.070 align:middle line:84% I was suddenly awakened by a noise 00:42:47.070 --> 00:42:52.800 align:middle line:84% that sounded like gravel being thrown against the window pane. 00:42:52.800 --> 00:42:56.970 align:middle line:84% I lay stiffly in bed until there sounded another and louder 00:42:56.970 --> 00:43:00.690 align:middle line:90% splatter against the glass. 00:43:00.690 --> 00:43:02.880 align:middle line:84% Then I jumped up and flung open the door. 00:43:02.880 --> 00:43:05.370 align:middle line:90% No one, nothing was there. 00:43:05.370 --> 00:43:09.840 align:middle line:84% The hilltop, the village was dark and silent. 00:43:09.840 --> 00:43:13.980 align:middle line:84% There was only the reflection of that bare globe in the trading 00:43:13.980 --> 00:43:20.912 align:middle line:84% post below and the putt, putt, putt of the coughing engine. 00:43:20.912 --> 00:43:24.356 align:middle line:90% [PAGES FLIPPING] 00:43:24.356 --> 00:43:26.816 align:middle line:90% [COUGHING] 00:43:26.816 --> 00:43:39.640 align:middle line:90% 00:43:39.640 --> 00:43:46.160 align:middle line:84% Among the events that broke the Bear for us, 00:43:46.160 --> 00:43:51.430 align:middle line:84% it was a series of strange dreams that came to me. 00:43:51.430 --> 00:43:53.890 align:middle line:84% They began in a curious manner, soon 00:43:53.890 --> 00:43:56.770 align:middle line:84% after the mysterious incident of gravel being 00:43:56.770 --> 00:43:57.940 align:middle line:90% thrown against the window. 00:43:57.940 --> 00:44:01.780 align:middle line:90% 00:44:01.780 --> 00:44:08.050 align:middle line:84% Entering Mr. And Mrs. Fredericks, the two Bears, 00:44:08.050 --> 00:44:14.170 align:middle line:84% apartment late one afternoon, I saw an old man in his late 70s 00:44:14.170 --> 00:44:16.450 align:middle line:84% sitting on the couch with White Bear. 00:44:16.450 --> 00:44:21.070 align:middle line:84% He was dressed in a ragged red sweater and baggy pants, 00:44:21.070 --> 00:44:24.760 align:middle line:84% his scraggly gray hair falling in bangs to his chin, 00:44:24.760 --> 00:44:29.740 align:middle line:84% and tied with homespun cotton into a chignon in back. 00:44:29.740 --> 00:44:32.860 align:middle line:84% Tears were streaming down his dark wrinkled face. 00:44:32.860 --> 00:44:35.350 align:middle line:84% He would wipe them off with the hand, still 00:44:35.350 --> 00:44:41.530 align:middle line:84% darker and more wrinkled, and continue talking to White Bear. 00:44:41.530 --> 00:44:46.660 align:middle line:84% He gave the impression of a man torn by a wracking sincerity. 00:44:46.660 --> 00:44:48.830 align:middle line:84% His words, interpreted by heart-- 00:44:48.830 --> 00:44:50.560 align:middle line:90% White Bear, bore this out. 00:44:50.560 --> 00:44:53.410 align:middle line:90% 00:44:53.410 --> 00:44:56.500 align:middle line:84% I don't blame the white people for their genius 00:44:56.500 --> 00:45:00.490 align:middle line:84% to transmit power through their many kinds of machine, 00:45:00.490 --> 00:45:03.670 align:middle line:84% but I am not impressed with these machines. 00:45:03.670 --> 00:45:06.070 align:middle line:84% They are crude mechanical contraptions 00:45:06.070 --> 00:45:07.660 align:middle line:90% that may break down. 00:45:07.660 --> 00:45:09.790 align:middle line:90% We Hopis don't need them. 00:45:09.790 --> 00:45:13.630 align:middle line:84% We know how to manifest our powers, the same powers 00:45:13.630 --> 00:45:15.550 align:middle line:90% without matches. 00:45:15.550 --> 00:45:18.100 align:middle line:84% I will tell you about these powers 00:45:18.100 --> 00:45:20.110 align:middle line:90% and how the stars help us. 00:45:20.110 --> 00:45:25.680 align:middle line:90% 00:45:25.680 --> 00:45:28.920 align:middle line:84% He stayed for dinner for a short time 00:45:28.920 --> 00:45:30.660 align:middle line:84% and gratefully accepted a package 00:45:30.660 --> 00:45:36.630 align:middle line:84% of cigarettes before White Bear drove him home. 00:45:36.630 --> 00:45:39.090 align:middle line:90% He returned elated. 00:45:39.090 --> 00:45:44.010 align:middle line:84% Don Qochhongva, the old man, he said, 00:45:44.010 --> 00:45:47.370 align:middle line:84% was the chief religious leader in Hotevilla, 00:45:47.370 --> 00:45:50.370 align:middle line:90% really of all the Hopi villages. 00:45:50.370 --> 00:45:54.900 align:middle line:84% He was going to tell us what he knew. 00:45:54.900 --> 00:46:00.240 align:middle line:84% Moreover, he was going to persuade other religious, kiva, 00:46:00.240 --> 00:46:04.290 align:middle line:90% and clan chiefs to help us, too. 00:46:04.290 --> 00:46:05.580 align:middle line:90% Our worries were over. 00:46:05.580 --> 00:46:08.610 align:middle line:90% 00:46:08.610 --> 00:46:11.250 align:middle line:90% I told him about that gravel. 00:46:11.250 --> 00:46:12.600 align:middle line:90% He trusts you. 00:46:12.600 --> 00:46:15.060 align:middle line:84% He said to tell you that you will now 00:46:15.060 --> 00:46:18.060 align:middle line:90% have four important dreams. 00:46:18.060 --> 00:46:20.310 align:middle line:90% You will see. 00:46:20.310 --> 00:46:26.400 align:middle line:84% A couple of nights later, the first dream came. 00:46:26.400 --> 00:46:31.890 align:middle line:84% I was suddenly aware that there were two men in the room. 00:46:31.890 --> 00:46:34.050 align:middle line:84% My first impulse was to jump out of bed 00:46:34.050 --> 00:46:37.110 align:middle line:84% and throw the catch on the door as I had been told, 00:46:37.110 --> 00:46:41.460 align:middle line:84% but the men were already inside and looked quite harmless. 00:46:41.460 --> 00:46:44.790 align:middle line:84% They were probably two traveling salesman, 00:46:44.790 --> 00:46:47.250 align:middle line:84% old fashioned drummers of the sort, 00:46:47.250 --> 00:46:50.310 align:middle line:84% who occasionally drove through the reservation peddling 00:46:50.310 --> 00:46:53.730 align:middle line:90% knickknacks from home to home. 00:46:53.730 --> 00:46:58.410 align:middle line:84% One was dressed in a reddish brown suit with one coat 00:46:58.410 --> 00:47:05.040 align:middle line:84% button off, and the other in a rumpled dark blue suit. 00:47:05.040 --> 00:47:08.730 align:middle line:84% Don't be alarmed, said the [AUDIO OUT] salesmen peddling 00:47:08.730 --> 00:47:12.090 align:middle line:90% knickknacks from home to home. 00:47:12.090 --> 00:47:15.240 align:middle line:84% One was dressed in a reddish brown suit, 00:47:15.240 --> 00:47:19.200 align:middle line:84% with one coat button off, and the other 00:47:19.200 --> 00:47:23.310 align:middle line:90% in a rumpled dark blue suit. 00:47:23.310 --> 00:47:28.070 align:middle line:84% Don't be alarmed, said the man in the reddish brown suit. 00:47:28.070 --> 00:47:31.890 align:middle line:84% We're ghosts, and you should know that ghosts are just 00:47:31.890 --> 00:47:34.290 align:middle line:84% like people, except that they live 00:47:34.290 --> 00:47:37.680 align:middle line:90% in a world invisible to you. 00:47:37.680 --> 00:47:41.760 align:middle line:84% We travel in great migrations, something like wild geese, 00:47:41.760 --> 00:47:47.100 align:middle line:84% along a traditional route from way above Bering Strait down 00:47:47.100 --> 00:47:50.130 align:middle line:90% to the tip of South America. 00:47:50.130 --> 00:47:54.930 align:middle line:84% My own home between trips is Northern Alaska. 00:47:54.930 --> 00:47:59.580 align:middle line:84% My partner here hails from the lower Argentine. 00:47:59.580 --> 00:48:01.950 align:middle line:84% The one in the dark blue suit was just 00:48:01.950 --> 00:48:04.560 align:middle line:84% as sensible and friendly, although his voice 00:48:04.560 --> 00:48:08.160 align:middle line:90% sounded a little more stern. 00:48:08.160 --> 00:48:10.710 align:middle line:84% We've dropped by to tell you that this place is 00:48:10.710 --> 00:48:15.480 align:middle line:84% directly on our route back and forth between the poles. 00:48:15.480 --> 00:48:17.040 align:middle line:90% You're on the line now. 00:48:17.040 --> 00:48:19.185 align:middle line:90% Mind what I say. 00:48:19.185 --> 00:48:20.715 align:middle line:90% Stay on the line now. 00:48:20.715 --> 00:48:23.980 align:middle line:90% 00:48:23.980 --> 00:48:27.820 align:middle line:84% Next morning, I related this occurrence to White Bear. 00:48:27.820 --> 00:48:32.200 align:middle line:84% He was curiously excited, demanded full detail. 00:48:32.200 --> 00:48:34.990 align:middle line:84% No, I don't remember their faces at all, I explained, 00:48:34.990 --> 00:48:35.890 align:middle line:90% just the clothes. 00:48:35.890 --> 00:48:38.360 align:middle line:84% I couldn't tell the race or nationality, 00:48:38.360 --> 00:48:40.480 align:middle line:90% so it must have been a dream. 00:48:40.480 --> 00:48:43.045 align:middle line:84% Anyway, the light was out when I awoke this morning. 00:48:43.045 --> 00:48:47.530 align:middle line:90% 00:48:47.530 --> 00:48:49.930 align:middle line:84% White Bear rushed over to Mama Bear's house 00:48:49.930 --> 00:48:53.350 align:middle line:84% and then drove up to see old Don Qochhongva. 00:48:53.350 --> 00:48:56.140 align:middle line:84% When he came back, he assured me that my visitors 00:48:56.140 --> 00:49:00.550 align:middle line:84% had been the sacred mythical twins, Palongawhoya 00:49:00.550 --> 00:49:02.890 align:middle line:90% and Poqanghoya. 00:49:02.890 --> 00:49:05.530 align:middle line:84% One of whom was stationed at the north pole of the world 00:49:05.530 --> 00:49:09.010 align:middle line:90% axis and the other south pole. 00:49:09.010 --> 00:49:12.010 align:middle line:84% Their duties were to keep the earth properly rotating 00:49:12.010 --> 00:49:15.550 align:middle line:84% and to send out calls for good or warning 00:49:15.550 --> 00:49:18.490 align:middle line:84% through the vibratory centers of the earth. 00:49:18.490 --> 00:49:21.940 align:middle line:84% See, you're on the line to receive 00:49:21.940 --> 00:49:25.000 align:middle line:84% their vibratory messages, White Bear told me. 00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:28.690 align:middle line:84% You must be careful to stay on the line as they told you. 00:49:28.690 --> 00:49:31.660 align:middle line:90% 00:49:31.660 --> 00:49:35.650 align:middle line:84% The second dream came within a week. 00:49:35.650 --> 00:49:37.930 align:middle line:84% I dreamed that I was driving my car back 00:49:37.930 --> 00:49:41.380 align:middle line:84% from Hotevilla on the high and northeastern tip of the mesa. 00:49:41.380 --> 00:49:43.840 align:middle line:84% The downhill grade was steep, swinging around 00:49:43.840 --> 00:49:45.370 align:middle line:90% the bend of the cliff wall. 00:49:45.370 --> 00:49:48.430 align:middle line:84% This semicircle of sheer rock escarpment 00:49:48.430 --> 00:49:53.020 align:middle line:84% enclosed a high valley, sloping down to the flat desert below. 00:49:53.020 --> 00:49:56.230 align:middle line:84% It was barren and forbidding, littered 00:49:56.230 --> 00:49:59.140 align:middle line:84% with huge boulders and debris from the talus slopes 00:49:59.140 --> 00:50:00.880 align:middle line:90% of the cliffs. 00:50:00.880 --> 00:50:06.010 align:middle line:84% But suddenly, it filled with a glowing pink light, 00:50:06.010 --> 00:50:07.930 align:middle line:90% beautiful beyond description. 00:50:07.930 --> 00:50:10.090 align:middle line:84% As I swung closer around the bend, 00:50:10.090 --> 00:50:12.160 align:middle line:84% I saw the valley completely filled 00:50:12.160 --> 00:50:16.810 align:middle line:84% with a thick orchard of cherry, peach, and apricot trees, 00:50:16.810 --> 00:50:19.930 align:middle line:84% whose branches and blossoms filtered 00:50:19.930 --> 00:50:24.130 align:middle line:84% the sunlight with a strange pinkish glow. 00:50:24.130 --> 00:50:28.240 align:middle line:84% At the same moment, I could feel the warmth of the glow 00:50:28.240 --> 00:50:33.220 align:middle line:90% suffusing my whole body. 00:50:33.220 --> 00:50:38.920 align:middle line:84% A good dream, said White Bear next morning, his face beaming 00:50:38.920 --> 00:50:41.020 align:middle line:90% like a full Hopi moon. 00:50:41.020 --> 00:50:43.780 align:middle line:84% That's the place where the racetrack and stone 00:50:43.780 --> 00:50:48.460 align:middle line:84% piles of the twins are, the shrines of the Oaqol 00:50:48.460 --> 00:50:53.920 align:middle line:84% and Lalakon maidens, and all the rock writing from the far past. 00:50:53.920 --> 00:50:56.650 align:middle line:84% Everything is going to blossom out for us. 00:50:56.650 --> 00:51:01.420 align:middle line:90% 00:51:01.420 --> 00:51:04.912 align:middle line:90% We'll ask old Dan. 00:51:04.912 --> 00:51:07.900 align:middle line:90% [PAGES FLIPPING] 00:51:07.900 --> 00:51:22.870 align:middle line:90% 00:51:22.870 --> 00:51:35.730 align:middle line:84% Dan was getting ready to go into the kiva for several nights 00:51:35.730 --> 00:51:40.990 align:middle line:84% and, when we left, White Bear simply 00:51:40.990 --> 00:51:48.490 align:middle line:84% said that he couldn't go into all of this 00:51:48.490 --> 00:51:53.170 align:middle line:84% until he got out of the kiva because he 00:51:53.170 --> 00:51:56.830 align:middle line:84% was beginning the purification rites for the coming ceremony. 00:51:56.830 --> 00:51:59.920 align:middle line:90% 00:51:59.920 --> 00:52:02.530 align:middle line:84% It was now late in November, and the first 00:52:02.530 --> 00:52:05.140 align:middle line:84% of the great ceremonies in the annual cycle 00:52:05.140 --> 00:52:11.530 align:middle line:90% was beginning, was beginning. 00:52:11.530 --> 00:52:21.350 align:middle line:90% 00:52:21.350 --> 00:52:24.730 align:middle line:84% Wúwuchim was a solemn and important ceremony. 00:52:24.730 --> 00:52:27.760 align:middle line:84% It recreated the first dawn of creation 00:52:27.760 --> 00:52:30.160 align:middle line:84% and was a ceremonial supplication 00:52:30.160 --> 00:52:34.330 align:middle line:84% for the germination of all forms of life 00:52:34.330 --> 00:52:37.870 align:middle line:84% on earth, plant, animal, and man. 00:52:37.870 --> 00:52:43.150 align:middle line:84% No white man and no Hopis were, save its participating members, 00:52:43.150 --> 00:52:45.970 align:middle line:84% were allowed to witness major ceremonies. 00:52:45.970 --> 00:52:57.740 align:middle line:90% 00:52:57.740 --> 00:53:00.710 align:middle line:84% My dream came while he was still in the kiva, 00:53:00.710 --> 00:53:03.575 align:middle line:84% and it took the shape of a vivid fantasy. 00:53:03.575 --> 00:53:07.040 align:middle line:90% 00:53:07.040 --> 00:53:10.670 align:middle line:84% I was awakened one night by the sound of someone walking 00:53:10.670 --> 00:53:15.080 align:middle line:84% around the house, a measured steady tread, 00:53:15.080 --> 00:53:20.660 align:middle line:84% accompanied by a curious, faint rattle at every step. 00:53:20.660 --> 00:53:24.320 align:middle line:84% As I listened, the pace of the steps increased. 00:53:24.320 --> 00:53:26.390 align:middle line:84% The rattling grew louder, until it 00:53:26.390 --> 00:53:31.550 align:middle line:84% seemed as though the house were encircled by running figures. 00:53:31.550 --> 00:53:35.180 align:middle line:84% I flung out of bed and rushed to the window. 00:53:35.180 --> 00:53:39.500 align:middle line:84% No one, nothing moving was visible in the moonlight. 00:53:39.500 --> 00:53:42.980 align:middle line:84% The sound increased in patient volume, 00:53:42.980 --> 00:53:47.060 align:middle line:84% rising in pitch to a steady whine. 00:53:47.060 --> 00:53:49.370 align:middle line:84% The feeling suddenly struck me that I 00:53:49.370 --> 00:53:53.510 align:middle line:84% was encircled by a swiftly revolving ring, 00:53:53.510 --> 00:53:57.200 align:middle line:84% at once invisible and impenetrable. 00:53:57.200 --> 00:53:59.570 align:middle line:84% What it might be, I could not imagine. 00:53:59.570 --> 00:54:03.260 align:middle line:84% I dare not open the door and stick my head outside. 00:54:03.260 --> 00:54:07.290 align:middle line:84% I felt curiously safe within the house. 00:54:07.290 --> 00:54:08.315 align:middle line:90% I went back to bed. 00:54:08.315 --> 00:54:12.590 align:middle line:90% 00:54:12.590 --> 00:54:16.010 align:middle line:84% A moment later, with the last shrill and hollow whine, 00:54:16.010 --> 00:54:18.815 align:middle line:84% the sound stopped, and I fell asleep. 00:54:18.815 --> 00:54:21.760 align:middle line:90% 00:54:21.760 --> 00:54:28.120 align:middle line:84% Old Dan interpreted later, when he taped an explanation 00:54:28.120 --> 00:54:31.720 align:middle line:90% of the Wúwuchim ceremony. 00:54:31.720 --> 00:54:35.320 align:middle line:84% At the beginning of the ceremony, a line of cornmeal 00:54:35.320 --> 00:54:39.670 align:middle line:84% was drawn on the ground, around the kiva to seal it off 00:54:39.670 --> 00:54:41.680 align:middle line:90% from all trespassers. 00:54:41.680 --> 00:54:44.530 align:middle line:84% On the dread Night of the Washing of the Hair, 00:54:44.530 --> 00:54:49.090 align:middle line:84% all roads were closed by cornmeal. 00:54:49.090 --> 00:54:53.260 align:middle line:84% Villagers living in houses close to the kiva were evacuated. 00:54:53.260 --> 00:54:59.320 align:middle line:84% To further protect the initiates from all worldly contamination, 00:54:59.320 --> 00:55:03.850 align:middle line:84% Two Horn and One Horn guards kept encircling the kiva, 00:55:03.850 --> 00:55:08.080 align:middle line:84% each carried a long lance and wore on his left leg, a turtle 00:55:08.080 --> 00:55:12.970 align:middle line:84% shell rattle, which sounded the stamp of his measured tread. 00:55:12.970 --> 00:55:15.820 align:middle line:84% As the crucial hour approached, when the initiates 00:55:15.820 --> 00:55:20.250 align:middle line:84% went through a reenactment of the emergence, 00:55:20.250 --> 00:55:24.280 align:middle line:84% other world spirits then came to encircle the kiva with swirling 00:55:24.280 --> 00:55:27.310 align:middle line:90% rings of invisible power. 00:55:27.310 --> 00:55:31.030 align:middle line:84% If there were any doubts as to the astounding similarity 00:55:31.030 --> 00:55:35.080 align:middle line:84% between this ritual and my own fantasy, 00:55:35.080 --> 00:55:38.320 align:middle line:84% they were dispelled on the last day of the ceremony, when 00:55:38.320 --> 00:55:42.190 align:middle line:84% I saw the Two Horn and One Horn priests come out of the kiva, 00:55:42.190 --> 00:55:45.190 align:middle line:84% stamping their rattle legs as they successively 00:55:45.190 --> 00:55:49.870 align:middle line:84% encircled the kiva, the plaza, the village, and the shrine. 00:55:49.870 --> 00:55:54.370 align:middle line:84% A weird and barbarically beautiful procession-- 00:55:54.370 --> 00:55:56.680 align:middle line:84% gliding from dusk into the darkness 00:55:56.680 --> 00:55:58.015 align:middle line:90% of the immeasurable past. 00:55:58.015 --> 00:56:00.850 align:middle line:90% 00:56:00.850 --> 00:56:04.840 align:middle line:84% My fourth dream followed in ceremonial sequence 00:56:04.840 --> 00:56:11.590 align:middle line:84% as preparations were being made for Soyal, the second ceremony, 00:56:11.590 --> 00:56:14.140 align:middle line:84% whose rite coincided with the winter solstice. 00:56:14.140 --> 00:56:19.150 align:middle line:84% Soyal was one of the greatest of the Hopi ceremonies. 00:56:19.150 --> 00:56:23.260 align:middle line:84% I knew nothing about their rites as yet, 00:56:23.260 --> 00:56:29.140 align:middle line:84% but I dreamed that I was sitting in a kiva on a low bench 00:56:29.140 --> 00:56:32.260 align:middle line:90% in the middle of the floor. 00:56:32.260 --> 00:56:34.570 align:middle line:84% The light was dim, but I could see 00:56:34.570 --> 00:56:38.350 align:middle line:84% that the bench was placed on a cornmeal line, that 00:56:38.350 --> 00:56:42.790 align:middle line:84% ran from east to west, as if marking the path of the sun's 00:56:42.790 --> 00:56:44.980 align:middle line:90% journey overhead. 00:56:44.980 --> 00:56:47.440 align:middle line:90% An altar loomed before me. 00:56:47.440 --> 00:56:52.750 align:middle line:90% 00:56:52.750 --> 00:56:57.040 align:middle line:84% I paid no attention to it for someone was behind me. 00:56:57.040 --> 00:56:59.530 align:middle line:84% All I could see were the hands that 00:56:59.530 --> 00:57:05.020 align:middle line:84% reached round behind me to unfasten the belt at my waist. 00:57:05.020 --> 00:57:07.570 align:middle line:84% They were old, and dark, and wrinkled. 00:57:07.570 --> 00:57:12.550 align:middle line:84% They took off all my clothes, every stitch. 00:57:12.550 --> 00:57:15.520 align:middle line:84% Then they washed my hair in soapy water. 00:57:15.520 --> 00:57:19.630 align:middle line:84% I could tell by the smell that the suds were made of amole, 00:57:19.630 --> 00:57:22.990 align:middle line:90% the roots of soap-weed yucca. 00:57:22.990 --> 00:57:27.640 align:middle line:84% When this was done, a tiny hawk feather was tied to the hair 00:57:27.640 --> 00:57:30.530 align:middle line:84% at the top of my head, and over my shoulder 00:57:30.530 --> 00:57:34.600 align:middle line:84% was thrown a beautiful cape, pure white, hand woven, 00:57:34.600 --> 00:57:38.470 align:middle line:84% a little coarse, but soft as cotton. 00:57:38.470 --> 00:57:42.310 align:middle line:84% All this time, I was sitting with my bare legs stretched out 00:57:42.310 --> 00:57:47.180 align:middle line:84% before me and with my hands in my lap. 00:57:47.180 --> 00:57:52.090 align:middle line:84% Those strange dark hands now lifted my feet to the bench 00:57:52.090 --> 00:57:55.630 align:middle line:84% and placed my own hands under my armpits, 00:57:55.630 --> 00:57:59.050 align:middle line:84% so that my elbows stuck out on each side. 00:57:59.050 --> 00:58:02.010 align:middle line:84% It was an uncomfortable position. 00:58:02.010 --> 00:58:05.530 align:middle line:84% In a little while, the hands reappeared 00:58:05.530 --> 00:58:08.170 align:middle line:84% with a bowl of queer tasting liquid, 00:58:08.170 --> 00:58:10.300 align:middle line:90% which I was given to drink. 00:58:10.300 --> 00:58:12.670 align:middle line:84% I didn't like its faint odor either. 00:58:12.670 --> 00:58:15.400 align:middle line:84% It took me some time to drink it down. 00:58:15.400 --> 00:58:17.950 align:middle line:84% After this, I was left alone, still 00:58:17.950 --> 00:58:22.120 align:middle line:84% sitting in that awkward, winglike position. 00:58:22.120 --> 00:58:25.900 align:middle line:90% My arms and legs began to cramp. 00:58:25.900 --> 00:58:29.710 align:middle line:84% I began to feel ill from the bowl of liquid I had drunk. 00:58:29.710 --> 00:58:33.640 align:middle line:84% It made me want to vomit and go to the bathroom. 00:58:33.640 --> 00:58:36.820 align:middle line:84% This, I seemed to know was impossible. 00:58:36.820 --> 00:58:39.190 align:middle line:84% There just wasn't anywhere to go, 00:58:39.190 --> 00:58:44.230 align:middle line:84% so I sat there gagging, cramped, and uncomfortable. 00:58:44.230 --> 00:58:45.370 align:middle line:90% Waiting for what? 00:58:45.370 --> 00:58:49.120 align:middle line:90% 00:58:49.120 --> 00:58:53.950 align:middle line:84% Why, for a taxi to arrive and drive me off in a hurry. 00:58:53.950 --> 00:58:57.520 align:middle line:84% A New York taxi with a little yellow light on top and meter 00:58:57.520 --> 00:59:00.490 align:middle line:90% clicking away inside. 00:59:00.490 --> 00:59:03.770 align:middle line:84% It didn't come, and the next thing I knew, 00:59:03.770 --> 00:59:10.090 align:middle line:84% I was awake in bed feeling quite comfortable. 00:59:10.090 --> 00:59:13.780 align:middle line:84% Old Dan seemed pleased by the dream, 00:59:13.780 --> 00:59:16.840 align:middle line:84% but made only one direct comment-- 00:59:16.840 --> 00:59:21.940 align:middle line:84% the liquid given me to drink was ngakuyi, a medicine water 00:59:21.940 --> 00:59:24.070 align:middle line:84% made from the bones of fierce animals, 00:59:24.070 --> 00:59:26.830 align:middle line:84% such as the bear, mountain lion, and wolf, 00:59:26.830 --> 00:59:29.200 align:middle line:90% ground and mixed with water. 00:59:29.200 --> 00:59:31.990 align:middle line:84% It was drunk for inner purification, 00:59:31.990 --> 00:59:35.200 align:middle line:84% reacting on the nervous centers of the body. 00:59:35.200 --> 00:59:38.530 align:middle line:84% Ordinarily, it did not make anyone sick, 00:59:38.530 --> 00:59:42.010 align:middle line:84% he said, but to one of a different race like myself, 00:59:42.010 --> 00:59:45.880 align:middle line:84% it might possibly act as an emetic. 00:59:45.880 --> 00:59:51.370 align:middle line:90% 00:59:51.370 --> 00:59:54.490 align:middle line:84% As Soyal was predominantly a Bear Clan ceremony, 00:59:54.490 --> 00:59:57.850 align:middle line:84% we went to Papa Bear for an explanation of the rituals. 00:59:57.850 --> 01:00:03.850 align:middle line:84% He confirmed the use of ngakuyi by all participating members 01:00:03.850 --> 01:00:06.550 align:middle line:84% and described how a path of cornmeal 01:00:06.550 --> 01:00:09.910 align:middle line:84% was drawn from east to west, symbolizing the road of life 01:00:09.910 --> 01:00:12.880 align:middle line:84% for all plants, birds, animals, and men on earth. 01:00:12.880 --> 01:00:17.570 align:middle line:90% 01:00:17.570 --> 01:00:19.550 align:middle line:84% All forms of life were symbolically 01:00:19.550 --> 01:00:22.430 align:middle line:84% hatched by a woman, who was guarded, was escorted 01:00:22.430 --> 01:00:27.410 align:middle line:84% into the kiva and is seated on a specially woven plaque filled 01:00:27.410 --> 01:00:30.500 align:middle line:90% with seeds and prayer feathers. 01:00:30.500 --> 01:00:32.720 align:middle line:84% Here, she squatted like a setting hen 01:00:32.720 --> 01:00:36.800 align:middle line:84% during the ceremony, patiently hatching the germinated seeds 01:00:36.800 --> 01:00:38.345 align:middle line:90% and prayers of her people. 01:00:38.345 --> 01:00:41.060 align:middle line:90% 01:00:41.060 --> 01:00:43.430 align:middle line:84% She was commonly called Hawk Maiden 01:00:43.430 --> 01:00:46.820 align:middle line:84% because the young neophytes or initiates were always 01:00:46.820 --> 01:00:52.910 align:middle line:84% called kekelt, fledgling hawks, naked save for a white cotton 01:00:52.910 --> 01:00:56.780 align:middle line:84% manta thrown over their shoulder and a tiny hawk feather tied 01:00:56.780 --> 01:00:59.660 align:middle line:84% to the hair at the top of their heads. 01:00:59.660 --> 01:01:01.850 align:middle line:84% They were made to sit with their feet up, 01:01:01.850 --> 01:01:03.860 align:middle line:84% hands tucked under their armpits, 01:01:03.860 --> 01:01:05.690 align:middle line:90% and elbow sticking out. 01:01:05.690 --> 01:01:09.050 align:middle line:84% This signified that they were fledglings, too 01:01:09.050 --> 01:01:12.890 align:middle line:84% weak yet to fly with their spiritual wings. 01:01:12.890 --> 01:01:17.570 align:middle line:84% How often I saw them later in the kiva, little boys, 01:01:17.570 --> 01:01:20.570 align:middle line:84% patiently squatting in their cramped positions, 01:01:20.570 --> 01:01:24.610 align:middle line:84% watching with mesmeric wonder, the strange masked 01:01:24.610 --> 01:01:27.770 align:middle line:90% shapes dancing before them. 01:01:27.770 --> 01:01:31.970 align:middle line:84% This series of dreams that had come as foretold by old men 01:01:31.970 --> 01:01:35.780 align:middle line:90% had accumulated effect upon me. 01:01:35.780 --> 01:01:39.680 align:middle line:90% 01:01:39.680 --> 01:01:44.240 align:middle line:84% I felt a warm and strange attachment 01:01:44.240 --> 01:01:48.650 align:middle line:84% to this obdurate, old mystic in his ragged red sweater 01:01:48.650 --> 01:01:54.440 align:middle line:84% and looked forward to more dreams under his guidance." 01:01:54.440 --> 01:01:57.380 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 01:01:57.380 --> 01:02:06.690 align:middle line:90% 01:02:06.690 --> 01:02:09.589 align:middle line:84% You want another eight pages or should I stop? 01:02:09.589 --> 01:02:10.089 align:middle line:90% Sure. 01:02:10.089 --> 01:02:12.990 align:middle line:90% 01:02:12.990 --> 01:02:14.310 align:middle line:90% Are you all tired of this? 01:02:14.310 --> 01:02:15.070 align:middle line:90% No, no. 01:02:15.070 --> 01:02:15.570 align:middle line:90% OK. 01:02:15.570 --> 01:02:32.260 align:middle line:90% 01:02:32.260 --> 01:02:36.150 align:middle line:84% Well, this, you'll be glad to know, is a short one. 01:02:36.150 --> 01:02:51.272 align:middle line:90%