WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.350 align:middle line:90% 00:00:01.350 --> 00:00:05.010 align:middle line:84% All right, so I'm going to switch to Yellow Rain here. 00:00:05.010 --> 00:00:09.810 align:middle line:84% And I think Susan provided a very excellent introduction 00:00:09.810 --> 00:00:15.780 align:middle line:84% and contextual background on a little bit about Yellow Rain. 00:00:15.780 --> 00:00:18.690 align:middle line:84% And so Yellow Rain for me is a book 00:00:18.690 --> 00:00:22.680 align:middle line:84% that's been nearly a decade in the making. 00:00:22.680 --> 00:00:30.060 align:middle line:84% And it's a book that focuses on a reinvestigation 00:00:30.060 --> 00:00:33.360 align:middle line:84% into the topic of yellow rain, which 00:00:33.360 --> 00:00:36.570 align:middle line:84% was a chemical biological weapon that 00:00:36.570 --> 00:00:42.090 align:middle line:84% was used against Hmong refugees when they were escaping 00:00:42.090 --> 00:00:49.770 align:middle line:84% from the jungles of Laos just following the end to the US 00:00:49.770 --> 00:00:57.990 align:middle line:84% war in Vietnam and to the end to the US proxy war in Laos. 00:00:57.990 --> 00:01:01.620 align:middle line:84% And so what happened was that when 00:01:01.620 --> 00:01:04.830 align:middle line:84% they began to arrive into the camps in Thailand, 00:01:04.830 --> 00:01:06.600 align:middle line:84% a lot of the Hmong refugees would 00:01:06.600 --> 00:01:09.090 align:middle line:84% say that there was this mysterious substance that 00:01:09.090 --> 00:01:11.040 align:middle line:90% would fall from the airplanes. 00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:13.110 align:middle line:84% And it would land on their skin, and it 00:01:13.110 --> 00:01:17.370 align:middle line:84% would land on their clothing and on the vegetation around them. 00:01:17.370 --> 00:01:22.150 align:middle line:84% And nobody knew what it was, but it was making people sick. 00:01:22.150 --> 00:01:26.380 align:middle line:84% And there were also instances of fatalities as well. 00:01:26.380 --> 00:01:29.310 align:middle line:84% And so as a result, the government 00:01:29.310 --> 00:01:32.310 align:middle line:84% was really keen to get to the bottom of it, the US 00:01:32.310 --> 00:01:34.180 align:middle line:90% government. 00:01:34.180 --> 00:01:41.700 align:middle line:84% And they began what became a very confusing investigation 00:01:41.700 --> 00:01:44.720 align:middle line:84% that took eight years into this yellow rain 00:01:44.720 --> 00:01:45.720 align:middle line:90% to find out what it was. 00:01:45.720 --> 00:01:49.110 align:middle line:84% But meanwhile, they were also blaming the Soviets 00:01:49.110 --> 00:01:52.200 align:middle line:84% because this was all happening during the Cold War. 00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:54.570 align:middle line:84% And then there were other countries 00:01:54.570 --> 00:01:58.260 align:middle line:84% around the world that were also conducting 00:01:58.260 --> 00:02:01.020 align:middle line:84% their own investigations into whatever this thing was, 00:02:01.020 --> 00:02:03.640 align:middle line:90% whatever yellow rain was. 00:02:03.640 --> 00:02:06.340 align:middle line:84% And so as this investigation was happening, 00:02:06.340 --> 00:02:08.550 align:middle line:84% there were so many people involved in it 00:02:08.550 --> 00:02:11.940 align:middle line:84% from multiple government agencies, 00:02:11.940 --> 00:02:15.510 align:middle line:84% from the Department of Defense to the State 00:02:15.510 --> 00:02:19.890 align:middle line:90% Department, the CIA, imagine. 00:02:19.890 --> 00:02:23.160 align:middle line:84% And then there was academic scientists too 00:02:23.160 --> 00:02:25.830 align:middle line:90% who were testing these samples. 00:02:25.830 --> 00:02:30.930 align:middle line:84% And then the media also got really tied into this topic 00:02:30.930 --> 00:02:31.720 align:middle line:90% as well. 00:02:31.720 --> 00:02:34.350 align:middle line:84% So with so many people involved, what ended up 00:02:34.350 --> 00:02:39.270 align:middle line:84% happening was that people had political interests. 00:02:39.270 --> 00:02:41.310 align:middle line:84% And everyone who got involved had 00:02:41.310 --> 00:02:44.100 align:middle line:84% something they wanted to get out of the yellow rain story. 00:02:44.100 --> 00:02:48.000 align:middle line:84% They wanted to see their political interest fulfilled 00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:49.470 align:middle line:90% as a result of yellow rain. 00:02:49.470 --> 00:02:51.090 align:middle line:84% People who said it happened wanted 00:02:51.090 --> 00:02:53.940 align:middle line:84% to have their interest fulfilled, and people who said, 00:02:53.940 --> 00:02:56.130 align:middle line:84% oh, it's not actually a chemical weapon, 00:02:56.130 --> 00:02:58.380 align:middle line:84% it's just something else, they had interests 00:02:58.380 --> 00:03:00.420 align:middle line:84% that they wanted to see fulfilled. 00:03:00.420 --> 00:03:03.210 align:middle line:84% And so over time, the Hmong stories and the Hmong 00:03:03.210 --> 00:03:06.510 align:middle line:84% testimonies of yellow rain were just discarded, 00:03:06.510 --> 00:03:08.970 align:middle line:90% and they were invalidated. 00:03:08.970 --> 00:03:12.450 align:middle line:84% And so my book tries to challenge 00:03:12.450 --> 00:03:15.270 align:middle line:84% the dismissing of these allegations 00:03:15.270 --> 00:03:19.240 align:middle line:84% and tries to push against the erasure of this history. 00:03:19.240 --> 00:03:22.620 align:middle line:84% So that's a very long summary, but that's 00:03:22.620 --> 00:03:24.960 align:middle line:90% everything in a quick nutshell. 00:03:24.960 --> 00:03:28.290 align:middle line:84% And I do want to start by reading a poem that's 00:03:28.290 --> 00:03:33.770 align:middle line:84% in the beginning of the collection tying 00:03:33.770 --> 00:03:37.520 align:middle line:90% some of these ideas together. 00:03:37.520 --> 00:03:41.060 align:middle line:90% All right, here we go. 00:03:41.060 --> 00:03:43.267 align:middle line:90% Guide for the Channeling. 00:03:43.267 --> 00:03:46.070 align:middle line:90% 00:03:46.070 --> 00:03:51.140 align:middle line:84% "Toward a worn legacy of rain, I have been lost down 00:03:51.140 --> 00:03:56.030 align:middle line:84% every jungle path, adrift and senseless to split open 00:03:56.030 --> 00:03:58.670 align:middle line:90% a cascade of knowing. 00:03:58.670 --> 00:04:01.670 align:middle line:84% I have tried with all my limber to kiln 00:04:01.670 --> 00:04:07.520 align:middle line:84% a credo of justice, shelter those who solace inside graves. 00:04:07.520 --> 00:04:11.660 align:middle line:84% I have been boiled in my bladed search, opening with questions 00:04:11.660 --> 00:04:15.890 align:middle line:84% of a deserted pain to end with the cemented breath shattered 00:04:15.890 --> 00:04:17.950 align:middle line:90% into silk. 00:04:17.950 --> 00:04:23.040 align:middle line:84% This is where I am taking you, into a discarded vista blowing 00:04:23.040 --> 00:04:27.690 align:middle line:84% forth a silent blaze, here in sunk villages 00:04:27.690 --> 00:04:31.980 align:middle line:84% of the disregarded, here where even the dirt of the land 00:04:31.980 --> 00:04:35.940 align:middle line:84% cannot muster against the threat of air. 00:04:35.940 --> 00:04:40.650 align:middle line:84% Biomedical, vegetation, munitions unfound, 00:04:40.650 --> 00:04:45.660 align:middle line:84% every footprint incarnate, where highlands tangle their echoes 00:04:45.660 --> 00:04:49.530 align:middle line:84% to the land, a place, no matter how remote, 00:04:49.530 --> 00:04:52.020 align:middle line:84% will always be too near and too much 00:04:52.020 --> 00:04:55.170 align:middle line:90% a reminder of an expired war. 00:04:55.170 --> 00:04:57.990 align:middle line:84% Refugees not called as people only 00:04:57.990 --> 00:05:01.170 align:middle line:84% to be called the outcome of an event. 00:05:01.170 --> 00:05:04.080 align:middle line:84% We are venturing into swell beyond swelling 00:05:04.080 --> 00:05:09.090 align:middle line:84% of paperwork and protocol, slips of memo and routing cable, 00:05:09.090 --> 00:05:11.250 align:middle line:90% and classified meeting. 00:05:11.250 --> 00:05:16.110 align:middle line:84% Here is the talk, biological weapon, yellow spots, 00:05:16.110 --> 00:05:21.150 align:middle line:84% apiary blame for decades to wane and cold filed. 00:05:21.150 --> 00:05:24.000 align:middle line:84% Believe me as a torch of this wandering 00:05:24.000 --> 00:05:27.240 align:middle line:84% that I have been digging within the origins of redaction. 00:05:27.240 --> 00:05:29.640 align:middle line:90% Believe where I am sending you. 00:05:29.640 --> 00:05:33.780 align:middle line:84% I have been shoveling upside down, and now my eyes stagger. 00:05:33.780 --> 00:05:35.220 align:middle line:90% My hands ache. 00:05:35.220 --> 00:05:39.810 align:middle line:84% My legs becoming hunter, my back a raging shadow. 00:05:39.810 --> 00:05:44.150 align:middle line:84% I have been gardening myself into this remembrance." 00:05:44.150 --> 00:05:46.454 align:middle line:90%