WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.910 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.910 --> 00:00:09.310 align:middle line:84% There are many sections in this book, which revolve around 00:00:09.310 --> 00:00:12.010 align:middle line:84% each other and talk to each other 00:00:12.010 --> 00:00:13.930 align:middle line:90% though they are contained units. 00:00:13.930 --> 00:00:16.190 align:middle line:84% The Spring Crickets is one of them. 00:00:16.190 --> 00:00:19.600 align:middle line:84% Another one of those is a group of poems 00:00:19.600 --> 00:00:26.620 align:middle line:84% that meditate on all the different meanings of the word 00:00:26.620 --> 00:00:34.210 align:middle line:84% ghetto throughout the ages, starting from its first known 00:00:34.210 --> 00:00:38.440 align:middle line:84% appearance in a document describing how 00:00:38.440 --> 00:00:43.510 align:middle line:84% the Jews in Venice in the 16th century 00:00:43.510 --> 00:00:51.490 align:middle line:84% were to be placed in the get, which was a word for slag, 00:00:51.490 --> 00:00:54.250 align:middle line:84% it was a word for where they dumped 00:00:54.250 --> 00:00:58.390 align:middle line:84% or the residue of the factories, the foundries. 00:00:58.390 --> 00:01:05.810 align:middle line:84% And so with that first pushing off of a group of people 00:01:05.810 --> 00:01:08.360 align:middle line:84% onto a land or circumscribing them, 00:01:08.360 --> 00:01:12.710 align:middle line:90% that's where the word began. 00:01:12.710 --> 00:01:16.580 align:middle line:84% I'm going to read to you a few of those poems-- 00:01:16.580 --> 00:01:18.620 align:middle line:90% I think three of them. 00:01:18.620 --> 00:01:24.970 align:middle line:84% Of course, one of the thing that we think of-- 00:01:24.970 --> 00:01:27.490 align:middle line:84% two things that we think of when we think of the word ghetto 00:01:27.490 --> 00:01:34.180 align:middle line:84% are our own, the ones we have so creatively created 00:01:34.180 --> 00:01:38.110 align:middle line:84% in this country, but also there are 00:01:38.110 --> 00:01:42.770 align:middle line:84% ghettos of the spirit and the soul and all of that. 00:01:42.770 --> 00:01:48.210 align:middle line:84% One of the more horrific consequences of that, 00:01:48.210 --> 00:01:53.030 align:middle line:84% of course, is World War II and the concentration camps, 00:01:53.030 --> 00:01:58.250 align:middle line:84% and one of the most ingenious and therefore 00:01:58.250 --> 00:02:06.320 align:middle line:84% horrifying manifestations of a concentration camp 00:02:06.320 --> 00:02:10.699 align:middle line:84% was the one at the Theresienstadt or Theresien. 00:02:10.699 --> 00:02:18.360 align:middle line:84% This one was ingenious because they modeled it 00:02:18.360 --> 00:02:21.580 align:middle line:84% as-- it was supposed to be the model concentration camp. 00:02:21.580 --> 00:02:24.180 align:middle line:84% It was one that could be flipped in an instant 00:02:24.180 --> 00:02:28.560 align:middle line:84% to look like everything was going OK. 00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:39.420 align:middle line:84% They tended to put the composers, the artists, 00:02:39.420 --> 00:02:45.360 align:middle line:84% the writers, the musicians, all in this concentration camp. 00:02:45.360 --> 00:02:48.030 align:middle line:84% And whenever the Red Cross came through, 00:02:48.030 --> 00:02:54.120 align:middle line:84% they would quickly give them fresh clothes and instruments 00:02:54.120 --> 00:02:59.790 align:middle line:84% and have them march, do a cheerful parade 00:02:59.790 --> 00:03:04.200 align:middle line:84% so that the Red Cross could think everything is going OK. 00:03:04.200 --> 00:03:12.210 align:middle line:84% This poem is spoken in the voice of a survivor of Theresienstadt 00:03:12.210 --> 00:03:17.310 align:middle line:84% by the name of Alice, or Aliza, Herz-Sommer, 00:03:17.310 --> 00:03:18.570 align:middle line:90% and she did survive. 00:03:18.570 --> 00:03:20.640 align:middle line:90% She was a pianist. 00:03:20.640 --> 00:03:23.845 align:middle line:90% 00:03:23.845 --> 00:03:24.345 align:middle line:90% Transit. 00:03:24.345 --> 00:03:27.050 align:middle line:90% 00:03:27.050 --> 00:03:30.830 align:middle line:84% This is the house that music built. 00:03:30.830 --> 00:03:33.890 align:middle line:84% Each note a fingertip's purchase, 00:03:33.890 --> 00:03:39.470 align:middle line:84% rung upon rung laddering across the unspeakable world. 00:03:39.470 --> 00:03:43.490 align:middle line:84% As for those other shrill facades rigged-for-a-day 00:03:43.490 --> 00:03:48.320 align:middle line:84% porticos, composed to soothe regiments of eyes, 00:03:48.320 --> 00:03:53.930 align:middle line:84% guilt-reddened, lining the parade route, horn flash, 00:03:53.930 --> 00:03:58.940 align:middle line:84% woodwind wail, well, let them cheer. 00:03:58.940 --> 00:04:03.050 align:middle line:84% I won't speak judgment on the black water passing for coffee, 00:04:03.050 --> 00:04:05.060 align:middle line:90% white water for soup. 00:04:05.060 --> 00:04:08.480 align:middle line:84% We supped instead each night on Chopin, 00:04:08.480 --> 00:04:12.620 align:middle line:84% hummed our grief soaked lullabies to the rapture 00:04:12.620 --> 00:04:14.720 align:middle line:90% rippling through. 00:04:14.720 --> 00:04:19.040 align:middle line:84% Let it be said while in the midst of horror, 00:04:19.040 --> 00:04:27.290 align:middle line:84% we fed on beauty, and that, my love, is what sustained us. 00:04:27.290 --> 00:04:34.411 align:middle line:90%