WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.580 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.580 --> 00:00:02.065 align:middle line:90% That was really humbling. 00:00:02.065 --> 00:00:04.970 align:middle line:90% 00:00:04.970 --> 00:00:09.590 align:middle line:84% And it feels like more than I deserve. 00:00:09.590 --> 00:00:11.390 align:middle line:90% I hope I live up to it. 00:00:11.390 --> 00:00:17.120 align:middle line:84% I wanted to begin just by thanking Tyler and Hannah 00:00:17.120 --> 00:00:18.770 align:middle line:90% and all the staff here. 00:00:18.770 --> 00:00:25.120 align:middle line:84% It is really, truly humbling to be a part of this series, 00:00:25.120 --> 00:00:32.229 align:middle line:84% particularly at this moment in time, for all sorts of reasons. 00:00:32.229 --> 00:00:38.080 align:middle line:84% But before the blackout of the EPA and USDA sites 00:00:38.080 --> 00:00:44.280 align:middle line:84% and the gag rule on their public presence, 00:00:44.280 --> 00:00:47.840 align:middle line:84% this still is a very challenging invitation for me 00:00:47.840 --> 00:00:52.000 align:middle line:84% because it ups the ante for my work. 00:00:52.000 --> 00:00:54.528 align:middle line:90% 00:00:54.528 --> 00:00:57.070 align:middle line:84% Those of you who don't know The Poetry Center, they basically 00:00:57.070 --> 00:01:00.060 align:middle line:84% invite you a year and a half in advance. 00:01:00.060 --> 00:01:04.959 align:middle line:84% So I had a lot of time to think about poetry and climate 00:01:04.959 --> 00:01:07.410 align:middle line:84% change, which I was already doing. 00:01:07.410 --> 00:01:11.440 align:middle line:90% But it made me-- 00:01:11.440 --> 00:01:16.620 align:middle line:84% well, it gave me room in which to move and to move forward 00:01:16.620 --> 00:01:20.995 align:middle line:84% into as an invitation to think with these thoughts, 00:01:20.995 --> 00:01:22.870 align:middle line:84% and to think with the work of the other poets 00:01:22.870 --> 00:01:26.300 align:middle line:84% like Alice, like Brenda, like Camille, Bob, 00:01:26.300 --> 00:01:30.450 align:middle line:84% all of these writers, Ross, who I admire so much 00:01:30.450 --> 00:01:35.800 align:middle line:84% and who have been doing so much work around these issues. 00:01:35.800 --> 00:01:39.330 align:middle line:84% So I spent the past year and a half thinking and reading 00:01:39.330 --> 00:01:45.130 align:middle line:84% through climate science, Anthropocene theory, et cetera. 00:01:45.130 --> 00:01:48.440 align:middle line:90% 00:01:48.440 --> 00:01:54.460 align:middle line:84% And it helped me to write in a new direction. 00:01:54.460 --> 00:01:57.220 align:middle line:84% So I'm going to read from entirely new work 00:01:57.220 --> 00:02:00.540 align:middle line:84% this evening, including a poem I wrote to read here. 00:02:00.540 --> 00:02:03.830 align:middle line:90% 00:02:03.830 --> 00:02:06.720 align:middle line:84% But Hannah encouraged me to speak a little bit 00:02:06.720 --> 00:02:12.290 align:middle line:84% to contextualize the work that I am going to read, 00:02:12.290 --> 00:02:15.840 align:middle line:84% and also to contextualize it in relationship, maybe, 00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:19.390 align:middle line:84% to ecopoetics and the work that I've already done 00:02:19.390 --> 00:02:24.070 align:middle line:84% in ecopoetics, which you could see exemplified in Companion 00:02:24.070 --> 00:02:25.460 align:middle line:90% Grasses . 00:02:25.460 --> 00:02:29.380 align:middle line:84% And so I'm just going to give a brief spiel 00:02:29.380 --> 00:02:34.910 align:middle line:84% that will lead into the poems and which 00:02:34.910 --> 00:02:39.330 align:middle line:84% builds so beautifully on what you said, Eric. 00:02:39.330 --> 00:02:44.760 align:middle line:90% I think you set me up well. 00:02:44.760 --> 00:02:47.910 align:middle line:84% So I wanted to begin with the notion of poetry 00:02:47.910 --> 00:02:49.550 align:middle line:90% as a form of field work. 00:02:49.550 --> 00:02:53.790 align:middle line:84% I'm not a trained natural scientist by any means. 00:02:53.790 --> 00:02:58.330 align:middle line:84% But one of the ways in which I entered 00:02:58.330 --> 00:03:03.070 align:middle line:84% writing toward ecopoetics was by beginning to draft poems 00:03:03.070 --> 00:03:07.740 align:middle line:90% on foot in specific sites. 00:03:07.740 --> 00:03:12.490 align:middle line:84% And to me, walking while writing did a few things. 00:03:12.490 --> 00:03:16.720 align:middle line:84% It posited a physical relation between the site 00:03:16.720 --> 00:03:21.210 align:middle line:84% and the human subject, one that often gets 00:03:21.210 --> 00:03:27.140 align:middle line:84% maybe buried in a poem about a place, but that also-- 00:03:27.140 --> 00:03:28.760 align:middle line:84% and this is exactly what you just 00:03:28.760 --> 00:03:33.380 align:middle line:84% said-- that writing is derived from a lived relation, 00:03:33.380 --> 00:03:36.800 align:middle line:84% and that writing itself, the rhythm 00:03:36.800 --> 00:03:40.970 align:middle line:84% and the forms of the work, emerge from encounters, 00:03:40.970 --> 00:03:45.070 align:middle line:84% from literal lived encounters between species, 00:03:45.070 --> 00:03:50.150 align:middle line:84% between human modalities and non-human modalities. 00:03:50.150 --> 00:03:52.530 align:middle line:84% And for me, the reason that that's important 00:03:52.530 --> 00:03:57.870 align:middle line:84% is that it reminds me and reminds readers 00:03:57.870 --> 00:04:01.840 align:middle line:84% that all humans are mammals, and are embodied subjects 00:04:01.840 --> 00:04:05.130 align:middle line:84% that navigate their surroundings like animals 00:04:05.130 --> 00:04:10.870 align:middle line:84% do, though also in ways that animals don't, obviously. 00:04:10.870 --> 00:04:14.920 align:middle line:84% And that for me, one of the challenges of writing 00:04:14.920 --> 00:04:20.510 align:middle line:84% in relation to a site is the inclusion of other senses 00:04:20.510 --> 00:04:25.380 align:middle line:84% and a relational embodiment, what some feminist writers call 00:04:25.380 --> 00:04:30.030 align:middle line:84% intercorporeality, a kind of phenomenological way of being 00:04:30.030 --> 00:04:33.840 align:middle line:84% in relation to other bodies, and that the environmental 00:04:33.840 --> 00:04:37.290 align:middle line:84% or ecopoetic work of that is to extend most feminist 00:04:37.290 --> 00:04:38.310 align:middle line:90% thinkers'-- 00:04:38.310 --> 00:04:39.900 align:middle line:84% traditional feminist thinkers-- are 00:04:39.900 --> 00:04:42.320 align:middle line:84% thinking about that as two human subjects. 00:04:42.320 --> 00:04:44.130 align:middle line:84% But I am also interested in what that 00:04:44.130 --> 00:04:47.110 align:middle line:84% means to extend intercorporeality 00:04:47.110 --> 00:04:52.090 align:middle line:90% into non-human relations. 00:04:52.090 --> 00:04:54.480 align:middle line:84% And so one thing that that does for me, 00:04:54.480 --> 00:04:58.380 align:middle line:84% that emphasis, paying attention to one's body 00:04:58.380 --> 00:05:02.450 align:middle line:84% in relation to the environment, is 00:05:02.450 --> 00:05:07.380 align:middle line:84% that it also dethrones the eye as the center of knowledge. 00:05:07.380 --> 00:05:10.500 align:middle line:84% As you guys know from transcendentalism 00:05:10.500 --> 00:05:16.500 align:middle line:84% that the eye is a hugely important 00:05:16.500 --> 00:05:20.400 align:middle line:84% like a vehicle for our knowing of the natural world. 00:05:20.400 --> 00:05:23.150 align:middle line:84% And it's sort of the seat of empiricism, in a way. 00:05:23.150 --> 00:05:28.770 align:middle line:84% It's sort of the way that the rational mind knows the world. 00:05:28.770 --> 00:05:34.040 align:middle line:84% But I think it's really hard to think of sound or touch 00:05:34.040 --> 00:05:37.610 align:middle line:84% as imperial in exactly the same way as the eye. 00:05:37.610 --> 00:05:39.080 align:middle line:90% Does that make sense? 00:05:39.080 --> 00:05:42.480 align:middle line:84% And I feel like there are more mammalian senses, you know? 00:05:42.480 --> 00:05:46.160 align:middle line:84% Like they alert other parts of the brain and 00:05:46.160 --> 00:05:49.190 align:middle line:84% activate other parts of their brain in ways. 00:05:49.190 --> 00:05:52.510 align:middle line:84% So I'm interested in including an embodied subject that 00:05:52.510 --> 00:05:58.390 align:middle line:84% isn't just all eye and mind, but also a touching, listening, 00:05:58.390 --> 00:06:03.883 align:middle line:84% sensate creature that also, again, the rhythms of the poem 00:06:03.883 --> 00:06:05.300 align:middle line:84% and the structures of the poem are 00:06:05.300 --> 00:06:11.500 align:middle line:84% derived from the sonic landscape around the listener. 00:06:11.500 --> 00:06:14.790 align:middle line:84% But it's hard to be an embodied subject in a place that's 00:06:14.790 --> 00:06:18.520 align:middle line:84% paying that close of attention without also acquiring 00:06:18.520 --> 00:06:22.190 align:middle line:84% some bioregional knowledge of the space 00:06:22.190 --> 00:06:24.780 align:middle line:90% that the body is moving through. 00:06:24.780 --> 00:06:29.160 align:middle line:84% And so for me, one of the commitments 00:06:29.160 --> 00:06:34.510 align:middle line:84% I made to the sites, the many sites that I've walked through, 00:06:34.510 --> 00:06:37.630 align:middle line:84% is learning their natural history, 00:06:37.630 --> 00:06:40.230 align:middle line:84% learning their geographical history, 00:06:40.230 --> 00:06:45.760 align:middle line:84% learning some of the layers of empirical knowledge 00:06:45.760 --> 00:06:48.580 align:middle line:84% that got laid down on top of places, 00:06:48.580 --> 00:06:53.450 align:middle line:84% but also to always square that more empirical sense of a place 00:06:53.450 --> 00:06:56.130 align:middle line:84% with the lived intimacy, and to try and always 00:06:56.130 --> 00:07:01.760 align:middle line:84% filter or triangulate fact through experience. 00:07:01.760 --> 00:07:03.700 align:middle line:84% To me, one of the reasons that's important 00:07:03.700 --> 00:07:08.080 align:middle line:90% is because no system is single. 00:07:08.080 --> 00:07:09.800 align:middle line:84% And that's one of the things that 00:07:09.800 --> 00:07:13.490 align:middle line:84% biospheric and environmental thinking teach us, 00:07:13.490 --> 00:07:15.710 align:middle line:84% is that there is no such thing as a single system 00:07:15.710 --> 00:07:17.620 align:middle line:90% operating on its own. 00:07:17.620 --> 00:07:24.070 align:middle line:84% And that's really hard for us to remember 00:07:24.070 --> 00:07:29.580 align:middle line:84% with our iOS, our operating systems with which we're 00:07:29.580 --> 00:07:31.820 align:middle line:90% so deeply intricated. 00:07:31.820 --> 00:07:34.930 align:middle line:84% And so I feel like the lived, again, 00:07:34.930 --> 00:07:44.070 align:middle line:84% intimacy that isn't ocular only really begins to help 00:07:44.070 --> 00:07:49.130 align:middle line:84% embody oneself next to a bioregion or a watershed that, 00:07:49.130 --> 00:07:51.430 align:middle line:84% again, flows through one as water. 00:07:51.430 --> 00:07:54.130 align:middle line:84% You know, it's where I often think, 00:07:54.130 --> 00:07:55.870 align:middle line:84% when I'm walking next to the river, 00:07:55.870 --> 00:07:59.100 align:middle line:84% I'm like, you're in me because in Philly we 00:07:59.100 --> 00:08:04.310 align:middle line:84% drink the river, which my students are always like, 00:08:04.310 --> 00:08:06.400 align:middle line:90% gross, what you do. 00:08:06.400 --> 00:08:07.460 align:middle line:90% Disgusting. 00:08:07.460 --> 00:08:09.470 align:middle line:90% There are dead bodies in there. 00:08:09.470 --> 00:08:14.290 align:middle line:84% And they haven't even taken river ecology. 00:08:14.290 --> 00:08:18.340 align:middle line:90% They have no clue. 00:08:18.340 --> 00:08:22.560 align:middle line:84% So the idea that all biospheric processes are intertwined 00:08:22.560 --> 00:08:25.430 align:middle line:84% is one of the things that one learns, 00:08:25.430 --> 00:08:31.220 align:middle line:84% or I should say I remind myself, by triangulating 00:08:31.220 --> 00:08:33.700 align:middle line:84% my own experience and lived intimacy 00:08:33.700 --> 00:08:38.380 align:middle line:84% with places with empirical systems of knowledge. 00:08:38.380 --> 00:08:42.890 align:middle line:84% And now I'm going to get to the climate change part, which 00:08:42.890 --> 00:08:44.930 align:middle line:90% is the thing that you-- 00:08:44.930 --> 00:08:46.980 align:middle line:90% again, I'm saying you and one. 00:08:46.980 --> 00:08:48.060 align:middle line:90% I mean me. 00:08:48.060 --> 00:08:49.650 align:middle line:90% You guys have a different-- 00:08:49.650 --> 00:08:51.770 align:middle line:84% I don't want to be prescriptive here. 00:08:51.770 --> 00:08:54.340 align:middle line:84% It's hard to remember, on a local level, 00:08:54.340 --> 00:08:55.930 align:middle line:84% when you're thinking of bioregion 00:08:55.930 --> 00:08:58.690 align:middle line:84% and you're thinking of very specific bioregional 00:08:58.690 --> 00:09:02.500 align:middle line:84% and species details, that all biospheric processes 00:09:02.500 --> 00:09:03.670 align:middle line:90% are intertwined. 00:09:03.670 --> 00:09:07.250 align:middle line:90% Hard to remember that. 00:09:07.250 --> 00:09:09.210 align:middle line:84% But it's really important to remember 00:09:09.210 --> 00:09:10.830 align:middle line:90% that in the Anthropocene. 00:09:10.830 --> 00:09:14.870 align:middle line:84% That, in particular, means that all human systems and industry 00:09:14.870 --> 00:09:17.050 align:middle line:84% are intertwined with biospheric processes, 00:09:17.050 --> 00:09:19.800 align:middle line:84% that they are actually concurrent. 00:09:19.800 --> 00:09:24.130 align:middle line:84% And again, it can be hard to remember that. 00:09:24.130 --> 00:09:26.510 align:middle line:84% I think of-- because I live in Philly, 00:09:26.510 --> 00:09:31.410 align:middle line:84% and you'll hear this in some of the poems-- 00:09:31.410 --> 00:09:34.560 align:middle line:84% water, for me, is a really good example 00:09:34.560 --> 00:09:38.290 align:middle line:84% of the way in which human industries 00:09:38.290 --> 00:09:43.530 align:middle line:84% and natural processes are completely 00:09:43.530 --> 00:09:45.180 align:middle line:84% indistinguishable from one another, 00:09:45.180 --> 00:09:50.060 align:middle line:84% partially because we do literally drink the water that 00:09:50.060 --> 00:09:53.700 align:middle line:84% runs through our watershed, but that we also 00:09:53.700 --> 00:09:56.250 align:middle line:84% use that water for multiple industries 00:09:56.250 --> 00:09:57.330 align:middle line:90% that are also exposed. 00:09:57.330 --> 00:10:01.180 align:middle line:84% We have the largest oil refinery in the country-- 00:10:01.180 --> 00:10:03.860 align:middle line:84% or no, on the east coast in Philly. 00:10:03.860 --> 00:10:07.500 align:middle line:84% And we have been refining oil in Philly since the 19th century. 00:10:07.500 --> 00:10:10.280 align:middle line:84% Oil was first discovered in Western Pennsylvania 00:10:10.280 --> 00:10:13.740 align:middle line:84% and shipped by rail to Philadelphia 00:10:13.740 --> 00:10:16.600 align:middle line:84% because it has access to the Delaware, which 00:10:16.600 --> 00:10:19.150 align:middle line:84% has access to the Atlantic, which has access 00:10:19.150 --> 00:10:20.540 align:middle line:90% to the Atlantic trade routes. 00:10:20.540 --> 00:10:23.700 align:middle line:84% So it was an incredibly important city. 00:10:23.700 --> 00:10:28.630 align:middle line:84% And oil was already globalized through Philly 00:10:28.630 --> 00:10:33.590 align:middle line:84% from the very start of its industry. 00:10:33.590 --> 00:10:38.840 align:middle line:84% But the Schuylkill River, which flows into the Delaware, 00:10:38.840 --> 00:10:42.110 align:middle line:84% I'm not even sure how many times it's been on fire, 00:10:42.110 --> 00:10:45.260 align:middle line:84% actually, because the refinery has blown up 00:10:45.260 --> 00:10:52.340 align:middle line:84% or had so many spills over its several centuries of existence. 00:10:52.340 --> 00:10:56.190 align:middle line:84% And that's only one use the Schuylkill been made of. 00:10:56.190 --> 00:10:58.020 align:middle line:90% It's also been a sewage system. 00:10:58.020 --> 00:11:02.780 align:middle line:84% It's also been filled with coal silt because of the mining 00:11:02.780 --> 00:11:03.920 align:middle line:90% industry. 00:11:03.920 --> 00:11:07.200 align:middle line:84% Pennsylvania is great for fossil fuels. 00:11:07.200 --> 00:11:08.670 align:middle line:90% We have them all. 00:11:08.670 --> 00:11:12.260 align:middle line:84% We have oil, we have coal, we have natural gas. 00:11:12.260 --> 00:11:15.790 align:middle line:84% And all of that flows into our rivers. 00:11:15.790 --> 00:11:20.500 align:middle line:84% And so the very watershed that we're in actually 00:11:20.500 --> 00:11:25.170 align:middle line:84% conducts all of the effluents from those industries 00:11:25.170 --> 00:11:28.810 align:middle line:90% into our water system. 00:11:28.810 --> 00:11:33.240 align:middle line:84% And so the amount of pollution that each of us carries 00:11:33.240 --> 00:11:35.440 align:middle line:90% is pretty high. 00:11:35.440 --> 00:11:38.020 align:middle line:84% I actually had, as an experiment, 00:11:38.020 --> 00:11:40.210 align:middle line:90% had my blood analyzed. 00:11:40.210 --> 00:11:43.590 align:middle line:84% And they couldn't test for everything, 00:11:43.590 --> 00:11:46.270 align:middle line:84% but in terms of heavy metals, certain kinds 00:11:46.270 --> 00:11:48.400 align:middle line:84% of industrial toxins, they're higher 00:11:48.400 --> 00:11:53.130 align:middle line:84% than the national average, which actually, just so you know, 00:11:53.130 --> 00:11:55.420 align:middle line:90% there are already in you. 00:11:55.420 --> 00:12:00.120 align:middle line:84% It's just I have a little more than you. 00:12:00.120 --> 00:12:04.550 align:middle line:84% And so it makes me think about how 00:12:04.550 --> 00:12:08.000 align:middle line:84% the flow of capital through bodies 00:12:08.000 --> 00:12:14.070 align:middle line:84% always leaves a wake of toxins, and that for me, the flow 00:12:14.070 --> 00:12:17.170 align:middle line:84% of water through my body is a really good example of that 00:12:17.170 --> 00:12:18.145 align:middle line:90% through all bodies. 00:12:18.145 --> 00:12:21.330 align:middle line:90% 00:12:21.330 --> 00:12:28.490 align:middle line:84% To me, the lesson there is multiple in terms 00:12:28.490 --> 00:12:30.600 align:middle line:84% of its relationship to the Anthropocene 00:12:30.600 --> 00:12:32.790 align:middle line:90% and to climate change. 00:12:32.790 --> 00:12:36.760 align:middle line:84% Because I count myself as an ecofeminist. 00:12:36.760 --> 00:12:38.860 align:middle line:84% I think we look at Trump and we look 00:12:38.860 --> 00:12:44.570 align:middle line:84% at the simultaneous attempt to control 00:12:44.570 --> 00:12:48.860 align:middle line:84% women's reproductive rights, and doing that 00:12:48.860 --> 00:12:52.700 align:middle line:84% at the same time of trying to control discourse 00:12:52.700 --> 00:12:55.640 align:middle line:84% around the environment and climate change. 00:12:55.640 --> 00:12:57.840 align:middle line:84% So to deny climate change in order 00:12:57.840 --> 00:13:00.630 align:middle line:84% to seize the resources of the Earth 00:13:00.630 --> 00:13:04.490 align:middle line:84% in an unlimited and unpunishable and unregulated way, 00:13:04.490 --> 00:13:11.420 align:middle line:84% in the same way that deregulating-- or actually, 00:13:11.420 --> 00:13:14.916 align:middle line:90% yeah, isn't it deregulating? 00:13:14.916 --> 00:13:17.730 align:middle line:90% 00:13:17.730 --> 00:13:20.900 align:middle line:84% Access to reproductive health care, all of that, 00:13:20.900 --> 00:13:26.040 align:middle line:84% imposing limits on the choices women can make, 00:13:26.040 --> 00:13:30.370 align:middle line:84% and therefore seizing women's reproductive capacities 00:13:30.370 --> 00:13:36.520 align:middle line:84% for the state, essentially, is creepy, to say the least. 00:13:36.520 --> 00:13:44.610 align:middle line:84% But also, for someone who's says oh, I can grab 'em by the-- 00:13:44.610 --> 00:13:48.750 align:middle line:84% that's the same attitude that he has toward the natural world. 00:13:48.750 --> 00:13:52.370 align:middle line:84% And ecofeminists would point out that that's always been true, 00:13:52.370 --> 00:13:56.560 align:middle line:84% that the analogy between the reproductivity of the Earth 00:13:56.560 --> 00:14:00.730 align:middle line:84% and women's reproductivity is a fundamental analogy 00:14:00.730 --> 00:14:03.000 align:middle line:90% in patriarchal cultures. 00:14:03.000 --> 00:14:05.340 align:middle line:84% And for me, as I've said it before, 00:14:05.340 --> 00:14:08.250 align:middle line:84% that climate change is misogynist inherently. 00:14:08.250 --> 00:14:13.020 align:middle line:84% It wouldn't be here if we didn't have a misogynist attitude 00:14:13.020 --> 00:14:14.450 align:middle line:90% toward the natural world. 00:14:14.450 --> 00:14:20.470 align:middle line:84% And so to me, also to insist again and again 00:14:20.470 --> 00:14:23.140 align:middle line:84% on our embodied status in relationship 00:14:23.140 --> 00:14:27.050 align:middle line:84% to the natural world is to foreground, again, 00:14:27.050 --> 00:14:32.210 align:middle line:84% our vulnerability as bodies, our vulnerability as mammals, 00:14:32.210 --> 00:14:39.250 align:middle line:84% but also to put our bodies back into relation 00:14:39.250 --> 00:14:41.690 align:middle line:84% to the natural world, as opposed to, again, 00:14:41.690 --> 00:14:44.200 align:middle line:84% having the empirical mind and eye be 00:14:44.200 --> 00:14:49.940 align:middle line:84% the supreme leaders in terms of relation to thinking 00:14:49.940 --> 00:14:55.000 align:middle line:90% through environmental problems. 00:14:55.000 --> 00:15:01.060 align:middle line:90% So did that make sense? 00:15:01.060 --> 00:15:01.730 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:15:01.730 --> 00:15:02.360 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:15:02.360 --> 00:15:05.370 align:middle line:84% So there will be questions afterward 00:15:05.370 --> 00:15:07.310 align:middle line:90% for whatever didn't make sense. 00:15:07.310 --> 00:15:12.150 align:middle line:84% And that's basically kind of like my associative cloud 00:15:12.150 --> 00:15:15.790 align:middle line:90% of things, my wordle. 00:15:15.790 --> 00:15:19.870 align:middle line:84% Is that what they're called in the digital thing? 00:15:19.870 --> 00:15:23.280 align:middle line:84% So this is sort of that cloud of ideas 00:15:23.280 --> 00:15:27.160 align:middle line:84% from which these poems draw, and which I've learned, 00:15:27.160 --> 00:15:31.740 align:middle line:84% as I'm working on this book, that 00:15:31.740 --> 00:15:33.500 align:middle line:84% shuffle through them in various ways 00:15:33.500 --> 00:15:36.750 align:middle line:84% and get re-aggregated in multiple ways 00:15:36.750 --> 00:15:41.040 align:middle line:84% as I try and think through the relationships in these issues.