WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.900 align:middle line:90% This is the last one I'll read. 00:00:03.900 --> 00:00:06.190 align:middle line:90% "Tango 28. 00:00:06.190 --> 00:00:09.240 align:middle line:90% Homo Ludens." 00:00:09.240 --> 00:00:11.730 align:middle line:84% That maybe needs a bit of explanation. 00:00:11.730 --> 00:00:15.480 align:middle line:84% Homo Ludens is a Latin phrase meaning 00:00:15.480 --> 00:00:21.480 align:middle line:84% "man playing" or "the human being as a player." 00:00:21.480 --> 00:00:25.470 align:middle line:84% It's also the name of a book that used to be very 00:00:25.470 --> 00:00:26.220 align:middle line:90% well-known-- 00:00:26.220 --> 00:00:30.000 align:middle line:84% I don't know if it is anymore-- by a Dutch historian named 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:34.560 align:middle line:84% Huizinga, which is a history of war-- 00:00:34.560 --> 00:00:39.060 align:middle line:84% sorry, of games, and gaming, and particularly the idea of war 00:00:39.060 --> 00:00:39.705 align:middle line:90% as a game. 00:00:39.705 --> 00:00:42.600 align:middle line:90% 00:00:42.600 --> 00:00:45.030 align:middle line:84% And this tango takes place in Athens. 00:00:45.030 --> 00:00:47.670 align:middle line:90% 00:00:47.670 --> 00:00:48.330 align:middle line:90% "Homo Ludens." 00:00:48.330 --> 00:00:51.180 align:middle line:90% 00:00:51.180 --> 00:00:55.740 align:middle line:84% "Omens are, for example, hearing someone say victory 00:00:55.740 --> 00:00:59.700 align:middle line:84% as they pass you in the street or to be staring 00:00:59.700 --> 00:01:02.520 align:middle line:84% at the little sulfur lamps in the grass 00:01:02.520 --> 00:01:06.990 align:middle line:84% all around the edge of the hotel garden just as they come on. 00:01:06.990 --> 00:01:10.200 align:middle line:90% They come on at dusk. 00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:13.770 align:middle line:84% What was he thinking to bring her here? 00:01:13.770 --> 00:01:17.430 align:middle line:90% Athens, Hotel Eremia. 00:01:17.430 --> 00:01:21.690 align:middle line:84% He knew very well, thinking detente and reconciliation, 00:01:21.690 --> 00:01:23.550 align:middle line:90% let's start again. 00:01:23.550 --> 00:01:26.340 align:middle line:84% Thinking oysters and glace fruits. 00:01:26.340 --> 00:01:28.170 align:middle line:90% It needs a light touch. 00:01:28.170 --> 00:01:32.190 align:middle line:90% Narrow keys not very deep. 00:01:32.190 --> 00:01:36.000 align:middle line:84% Hotel gardens at dusk are a place where the laws governing 00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:39.930 align:middle line:84% matter get cold inside out like the black keys 00:01:39.930 --> 00:01:43.650 align:middle line:84% and the white keys on Mozart's piano. 00:01:43.650 --> 00:01:45.960 align:middle line:84% It cheered him to remember Mozart, 00:01:45.960 --> 00:01:50.340 align:middle line:84% borrowing money every night and smiling his tilted smile. 00:01:50.340 --> 00:01:53.280 align:middle line:90% Necessity is not real after all. 00:01:53.280 --> 00:01:58.200 align:middle line:84% The husband swallows his ouzo and waits for its slow hot snow 00:01:58.200 --> 00:02:00.600 align:middle line:90% inside him. 00:02:00.600 --> 00:02:04.080 align:middle line:84% Mozart, so his wife had told him at lunch, 00:02:04.080 --> 00:02:08.039 align:middle line:84% scored his horn concerto in four different colors of ink. 00:02:08.039 --> 00:02:10.110 align:middle line:90% A man at play. 00:02:10.110 --> 00:02:12.630 align:middle line:84% A husband whose wife knows just enough history 00:02:12.630 --> 00:02:14.850 align:middle line:90% to keep him going. 00:02:14.850 --> 00:02:17.100 align:middle line:84% Good cheer is rampant in the husband 00:02:17.100 --> 00:02:20.790 align:middle line:90% now, infinite evening ahead. 00:02:20.790 --> 00:02:25.800 align:middle line:84% Its shoals appear to him and he navigates them one by one, 00:02:25.800 --> 00:02:28.950 align:middle line:84% slipping the dark blue Kiel ropes this way 00:02:28.950 --> 00:02:33.600 align:middle line:84% and that on a bosom of inconceivable silver. 00:02:33.600 --> 00:02:35.310 align:middle line:90% Ah, here she is. 00:02:35.310 --> 00:02:40.230 align:middle line:84% The husband can be seen to rise as his wife crosses the garden. 00:02:40.230 --> 00:02:41.640 align:middle line:90% Why so sad? 00:02:41.640 --> 00:02:43.230 align:middle line:90% No, I'm not sad. 00:02:43.230 --> 00:02:45.060 align:middle line:90% Why in your eyes? 00:02:45.060 --> 00:02:46.590 align:middle line:90% What are you drinking? 00:02:46.590 --> 00:02:47.610 align:middle line:90% Ouzo. 00:02:47.610 --> 00:02:49.500 align:middle line:90% Can you get me a tea? 00:02:49.500 --> 00:02:51.570 align:middle line:90% Of course. 00:02:51.570 --> 00:02:53.370 align:middle line:90% He goes out. 00:02:53.370 --> 00:02:55.170 align:middle line:90% She waits. 00:02:55.170 --> 00:03:00.480 align:middle line:84% Waiting, thoughts come, go, flow, this flowing. 00:03:00.480 --> 00:03:02.370 align:middle line:90% Why sadness, this flowing? 00:03:02.370 --> 00:03:06.120 align:middle line:84% The world to its end, why in your eyes? 00:03:06.120 --> 00:03:08.100 align:middle line:90% This is a line of verse. 00:03:08.100 --> 00:03:10.290 align:middle line:90% Where has it stepped from? 00:03:10.290 --> 00:03:13.110 align:middle line:90% She searches herself, waiting. 00:03:13.110 --> 00:03:16.260 align:middle line:90% Waiting is searching. 00:03:16.260 --> 00:03:21.690 align:middle line:84% And the odd thing is waiting, searching the wife suddenly 00:03:21.690 --> 00:03:25.260 align:middle line:90% knows a fact about her husband. 00:03:25.260 --> 00:03:28.140 align:middle line:84% This fact, for which she had not searched, 00:03:28.140 --> 00:03:32.940 align:middle line:84% jerks itself into the light like a child from a closet. 00:03:32.940 --> 00:03:36.255 align:middle line:84% She knows why he is taking so long at the bar. 00:03:36.255 --> 00:03:39.060 align:middle line:90% 00:03:39.060 --> 00:03:42.390 align:middle line:84% Over and over in later years when she told this story, 00:03:42.390 --> 00:03:45.240 align:middle line:84% she marveled at her husband's ability 00:03:45.240 --> 00:03:49.350 align:middle line:84% to place the world within brackets, a brackets-worth 00:03:49.350 --> 00:03:53.550 align:middle line:90% of mirage, all he ever needed. 00:03:53.550 --> 00:03:56.250 align:middle line:84% A man who, after three years of separation, 00:03:56.250 --> 00:03:59.340 align:middle line:84% would take his wife to Athens for adoration, 00:03:59.340 --> 00:04:02.280 align:middle line:84% for peace, and then telephone New York 00:04:02.280 --> 00:04:05.760 align:middle line:84% every night from the bar and speak to a woman who thought he 00:04:05.760 --> 00:04:09.840 align:middle line:84% was over on 4th Street working late. 00:04:09.840 --> 00:04:12.480 align:middle line:84% And upstairs that night, which proved 00:04:12.480 --> 00:04:16.620 align:middle line:84% to be a very long night, as he was dragging his wounded 00:04:16.620 --> 00:04:20.339 align:middle line:84% honor about the hotel room like a damaged queen of moths 00:04:20.339 --> 00:04:23.220 align:middle line:84% because she mentioned Houyhnms and he objected 00:04:23.220 --> 00:04:26.220 align:middle line:84% to being written off as an object of satire. 00:04:26.220 --> 00:04:30.840 align:middle line:84% They moved several times through a cycle of remarks like this. 00:04:30.840 --> 00:04:31.500 align:middle line:90% What is it? 00:04:31.500 --> 00:04:32.670 align:middle line:90% What future is there? 00:04:32.670 --> 00:04:35.070 align:middle line:84% I thought you said we never went exactly? 00:04:35.070 --> 00:04:38.220 align:middle line:84% Day, year name anything, who I was, who I am, who did you? 00:04:38.220 --> 00:04:39.390 align:middle line:90% Did you or did you not? 00:04:39.390 --> 00:04:40.710 align:middle line:90% Do you or do you not? 00:04:40.710 --> 00:04:42.330 align:middle line:90% This excuse, that excuse. 00:04:42.330 --> 00:04:43.680 align:middle line:90% Pleasure, pain, truth. 00:04:43.680 --> 00:04:44.940 align:middle line:90% What truth is that? 00:04:44.940 --> 00:04:46.260 align:middle line:90% All those kilometers. 00:04:46.260 --> 00:04:47.130 align:middle line:90% Faith, letters. 00:04:47.130 --> 00:04:48.377 align:middle line:90% You're right, never! 00:04:48.377 --> 00:04:48.960 align:middle line:90% Oh, all right. 00:04:48.960 --> 00:04:51.270 align:middle line:90% Once. 00:04:51.270 --> 00:04:55.770 align:middle line:84% Remarks, which like the chain of Parmenides well rounded truth, 00:04:55.770 --> 00:05:00.360 align:middle line:84% you can follow in a circle and always 00:05:00.360 --> 00:05:05.610 align:middle line:84% end up where you began for it is all one to me where I start. 00:05:05.610 --> 00:05:10.440 align:middle line:84% I arrive there again soon enough, as Parmenides says. 00:05:10.440 --> 00:05:13.230 align:middle line:84% So the wife was thinking about Parmenides 00:05:13.230 --> 00:05:16.040 align:middle line:84% with part of her mind while throwing ever and ever 00:05:16.040 --> 00:05:17.940 align:middle line:90% a liar at her husband. 00:05:17.940 --> 00:05:21.520 align:middle line:84% And he was holding yes and no together with one hand while 00:05:21.520 --> 00:05:26.640 align:middle line:84% parrying the words of his wife when they stopped. 00:05:26.640 --> 00:05:28.920 align:middle line:90% Silence came. 00:05:28.920 --> 00:05:30.810 align:middle line:90% They stood aligned. 00:05:30.810 --> 00:05:33.480 align:middle line:84% He had the door with his back to it, 00:05:33.480 --> 00:05:36.660 align:middle line:84% she had the bed with her back to it. 00:05:36.660 --> 00:05:40.440 align:middle line:84% In that posture which experts of conflict resolution tell us, 00:05:40.440 --> 00:05:42.420 align:middle line:90% ensures impasse. 00:05:42.420 --> 00:05:45.060 align:middle line:84% And they looked at one another and there 00:05:45.060 --> 00:05:48.660 align:middle line:90% was nothing more to say. 00:05:48.660 --> 00:05:49.440 align:middle line:90% Kissing her. 00:05:49.440 --> 00:05:50.190 align:middle line:90% I love you. 00:05:50.190 --> 00:05:53.820 align:middle line:84% Joys and leaves of earlier times flowed through the husband 00:05:53.820 --> 00:05:56.490 align:middle line:90% and disappeared. 00:05:56.490 --> 00:06:00.180 align:middle line:84% Presence and absence twisted out of sight of one another 00:06:00.180 --> 00:06:02.370 align:middle line:90% inside the wife. 00:06:02.370 --> 00:06:04.530 align:middle line:90% They stood. 00:06:04.530 --> 00:06:06.720 align:middle line:90% Sounds reach them. 00:06:06.720 --> 00:06:12.540 align:middle line:84% A truck, a snore, shrubs ticking on a tin wall. 00:06:12.540 --> 00:06:15.810 align:middle line:90% His nose begins to bleed. 00:06:15.810 --> 00:06:20.190 align:middle line:84% Then blood runs down over his upper lip, lower lip, chin, 00:06:20.190 --> 00:06:21.960 align:middle line:90% to his throat. 00:06:21.960 --> 00:06:24.900 align:middle line:84% Appears on the whiteness of his shirt, 00:06:24.900 --> 00:06:28.140 align:middle line:84% dyes the mother of pearl button for good, 00:06:28.140 --> 00:06:30.690 align:middle line:90% blacker than a mulberry. 00:06:30.690 --> 00:06:32.560 align:middle line:90% Don't think his heart had burst. 00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:34.980 align:middle line:84% He was no Tristan, although he would 00:06:34.980 --> 00:06:37.530 align:middle line:84% love to point out that in the common version, 00:06:37.530 --> 00:06:42.300 align:middle line:84% Tristan is not false, it is the sail that kills. 00:06:42.300 --> 00:06:44.310 align:middle line:84% Yet neither of them had a handkerchief 00:06:44.310 --> 00:06:46.710 align:middle line:84% and that is how she ends up staining 00:06:46.710 --> 00:06:49.710 align:middle line:84% her robe with his blood, his head in her lap, 00:06:49.710 --> 00:06:55.530 align:middle line:84% and his virtue coursing through her as if they were one flesh. 00:06:55.530 --> 00:06:59.190 align:middle line:84% Husband and wife may erase a boundary, 00:06:59.190 --> 00:07:03.030 align:middle line:90% creating a white page. 00:07:03.030 --> 00:07:08.220 align:middle line:84% But now the blood seems to be the only thing in the room. 00:07:08.220 --> 00:07:13.140 align:middle line:84% If only one's whole life could consist in certain moments. 00:07:13.140 --> 00:07:17.100 align:middle line:84% There is no possibility of coming back from such a moment 00:07:17.100 --> 00:07:21.060 align:middle line:90% to simple hatred, to black ink. 00:07:21.060 --> 00:07:24.600 align:middle line:84% If a husband throws the dice of his beauty one last time, 00:07:24.600 --> 00:07:26.610 align:middle line:90% who is to blame? 00:07:26.610 --> 00:07:30.630 align:middle line:84% Rich proposition, drastic economy, hours, bets, pronouns, 00:07:30.630 --> 00:07:31.260 align:middle line:90% no one. 00:07:31.260 --> 00:07:32.610 align:middle line:90% No one is to blame. 00:07:32.610 --> 00:07:34.080 align:middle line:90% Change the question. 00:07:34.080 --> 00:07:36.690 align:middle line:90% We are mortal balanced on a day. 00:07:36.690 --> 00:07:39.660 align:middle line:84% Now and then, does it not make sense to say, 00:07:39.660 --> 00:07:42.900 align:middle line:90% save what you can? 00:07:42.900 --> 00:07:45.240 align:middle line:84% And wasn't it you who told me civilization 00:07:45.240 --> 00:07:49.230 align:middle line:84% is impossible in the absence of a spirit of play? 00:07:49.230 --> 00:07:52.200 align:middle line:84% Anyway, what would you have done? 00:07:52.200 --> 00:07:53.610 align:middle line:90% Torn the phone off the wall? 00:07:53.610 --> 00:07:55.200 align:middle line:90% Smothered him with a pillow? 00:07:55.200 --> 00:07:58.440 align:middle line:90% Emptied his wallet and run? 00:07:58.440 --> 00:08:03.930 align:middle line:84% But you overlook an important cultural function of games: 00:08:03.930 --> 00:08:07.140 align:middle line:90% to test the will of the gods. 00:08:07.140 --> 00:08:13.800 align:middle line:84% Huizinga reminds us that war itself is a form of divination. 00:08:13.800 --> 00:08:18.300 align:middle line:84% Husband and wife did not therefore engage in murder 00:08:18.300 --> 00:08:21.960 align:middle line:84% but continued their tour of the Peloponnese, 00:08:21.960 --> 00:08:25.860 align:middle line:84% spending eight more weary days in temples and buses 00:08:25.860 --> 00:08:28.620 align:middle line:90% and vine-covered tavernas. 00:08:28.620 --> 00:08:31.200 align:middle line:84% Eight days which had the internal texture 00:08:31.200 --> 00:08:35.669 align:middle line:84% of the Greek word petradavki, ancient pevtros, broken, 00:08:35.669 --> 00:08:39.059 align:middle line:84% crushed stone, road stone gravel, 00:08:39.059 --> 00:08:42.690 align:middle line:84% but which served a purpose within the mode of justice that 00:08:42.690 --> 00:08:45.120 align:middle line:90% was their marriage. 00:08:45.120 --> 00:08:50.190 align:middle line:84% Waiting for the future and for the gods, husband and wife 00:08:50.190 --> 00:08:56.340 align:middle line:84% rested as players may rest against the rules of the game, 00:08:56.340 --> 00:09:01.620 align:middle line:84% if it is a game, if they know the rules and it was 00:09:01.620 --> 00:09:03.996 align:middle line:90% and they did." 00:09:03.996 --> 00:09:04.730 align:middle line:90% Thank you. 00:09:04.730 --> 00:09:08.080 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:09:08.080 --> 00:09:15.000 align:middle line:90%