WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.980 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.980 --> 00:00:07.160 align:middle line:84% At present, there are 187 Native American languages, 149 of them 00:00:07.160 --> 00:00:09.680 align:middle line:90% threatened by extinction. 00:00:09.680 --> 00:00:14.380 align:middle line:84% Languages die if the people who speak them die. 00:00:14.380 --> 00:00:17.780 align:middle line:84% As we all know, the English-only boarding schools, 00:00:17.780 --> 00:00:19.790 align:middle line:84% established by the US government, 00:00:19.790 --> 00:00:23.180 align:middle line:84% assisted this process of loss in North America 00:00:23.180 --> 00:00:27.140 align:middle line:84% by punishing students for using their native languages. 00:00:27.140 --> 00:00:29.210 align:middle line:84% One Indian woman from British Columbia, 00:00:29.210 --> 00:00:31.490 align:middle line:84% when asked if she had difficulty communicating 00:00:31.490 --> 00:00:33.500 align:middle line:84% when she left school, answered, oh, yeah, 00:00:33.500 --> 00:00:37.370 align:middle line:84% I had a real difficulty, mostly in pronouncing words, thinking 00:00:37.370 --> 00:00:41.090 align:middle line:90% in Indian, that sort of thing. 00:00:41.090 --> 00:00:43.700 align:middle line:84% Tonight, I'm truly honored to introduce you 00:00:43.700 --> 00:00:49.730 align:middle line:84% to Tohono O'odham poet, scholar, and educator, Ofelia Zepeda. 00:00:49.730 --> 00:00:54.410 align:middle line:84% And associate professor of linguistics at the University 00:00:54.410 --> 00:00:55.700 align:middle line:90% of Arizona. 00:00:55.700 --> 00:00:59.240 align:middle line:84% She has worked extensively with Papagos and Pimas 00:00:59.240 --> 00:01:02.210 align:middle line:84% in the areas of linguistics, language teaching, 00:01:02.210 --> 00:01:04.250 align:middle line:90% and curriculum development. 00:01:04.250 --> 00:01:06.950 align:middle line:84% She's the author of a Papago grammar, 00:01:06.950 --> 00:01:09.350 align:middle line:84% making a significant contribution 00:01:09.350 --> 00:01:12.350 align:middle line:84% to a language for which a written system was 00:01:12.350 --> 00:01:15.930 align:middle line:90% developed only in the 1960s. 00:01:15.930 --> 00:01:17.750 align:middle line:84% She has contributed as author and editor 00:01:17.750 --> 00:01:20.210 align:middle line:84% to two books of Native American literature. 00:01:20.210 --> 00:01:24.590 align:middle line:84% The South Corner of Time, an anthology of Hopi, Navajo, 00:01:24.590 --> 00:01:27.470 align:middle line:84% Papago and Yaki tribal literature. 00:01:27.470 --> 00:01:30.320 align:middle line:84% "When it Rains," an anthology of Papago and Pima 00:01:30.320 --> 00:01:34.190 align:middle line:84% poetry, and as editor of the newly released anthology, 00:01:34.190 --> 00:01:38.630 align:middle line:84% "Home Places, Native American writing from Sun Tracks." 00:01:38.630 --> 00:01:42.410 align:middle line:84% When her collection, "Ocean Power, Poems from the Desert" 00:01:42.410 --> 00:01:44.570 align:middle line:90% came out in 1995. 00:01:44.570 --> 00:01:50.030 align:middle line:84% It was a significant event, not only for the clarity, wit, 00:01:50.030 --> 00:01:53.360 align:middle line:84% and power of her imagery, but also 00:01:53.360 --> 00:01:57.230 align:middle line:84% for the fact that the book is the first written literary work 00:01:57.230 --> 00:02:03.920 align:middle line:84% by an individual in Tohono O'odham and English, 00:02:03.920 --> 00:02:06.350 align:middle line:84% a landmark in Native American literature, 00:02:06.350 --> 00:02:09.410 align:middle line:84% and an act of cultural preservation. 00:02:09.410 --> 00:02:11.300 align:middle line:84% Her new book, "Earth Movements," will 00:02:11.300 --> 00:02:15.590 align:middle line:84% be coming out from Tucson's Kore Press with a CD. 00:02:15.590 --> 00:02:18.965 align:middle line:84% It gives me great pleasure to welcome Ofelia Zepeda. 00:02:18.965 --> 00:02:32.330 align:middle line:90% 00:02:32.330 --> 00:02:33.230 align:middle line:90% Thank you, Alison. 00:02:33.230 --> 00:02:36.080 align:middle line:84% I also want to thank the Poetry Center 00:02:36.080 --> 00:02:40.610 align:middle line:84% for inviting me to participate in their reading series 00:02:40.610 --> 00:02:46.950 align:middle line:90% as their local participant. 00:02:46.950 --> 00:02:51.030 align:middle line:84% And of course, I want to thank all of the wonderful supporters 00:02:51.030 --> 00:02:55.420 align:middle line:90% of the Poetry Center as well. 00:02:55.420 --> 00:02:58.920 align:middle line:84% What I'd like to do this evening is just read a little bit 00:02:58.920 --> 00:03:04.920 align:middle line:84% from the collection that Alison mentioned, 00:03:04.920 --> 00:03:06.990 align:middle line:90% the Ocean Power collection. 00:03:06.990 --> 00:03:12.210 align:middle line:84% And then what I'd like to do is read from the newer collection 00:03:12.210 --> 00:03:15.450 align:middle line:90% that Kore Press is working on. 00:03:15.450 --> 00:03:18.465 align:middle line:84% And the collection from Kore Press 00:03:18.465 --> 00:03:23.990 align:middle line:84% is primarily a bilingual collection. 00:03:23.990 --> 00:03:29.550 align:middle line:84% The pieces are in O'odham and English as well. 00:03:29.550 --> 00:03:34.268 align:middle line:84% So anyway, I'd like to read from that one specifically 00:03:34.268 --> 00:03:34.810 align:middle line:90% this evening. 00:03:34.810 --> 00:03:39.770 align:middle line:84% But let me start with something that 00:03:39.770 --> 00:03:43.850 align:middle line:84% is sort of in between these two collections in a way, 00:03:43.850 --> 00:03:46.250 align:middle line:90% and it is a bilingual piece. 00:03:46.250 --> 00:03:48.140 align:middle line:90% And I decided to put it in-- 00:03:48.140 --> 00:03:53.660 align:middle line:84% I had sort of talked to myself if not doing the rain set. 00:03:53.660 --> 00:03:56.210 align:middle line:84% But since it rained so nicely this evening, 00:03:56.210 --> 00:03:58.970 align:middle line:84% I thought I would go ahead and do one anyway. 00:03:58.970 --> 00:04:04.120 align:middle line:84% But anyway, let me go ahead and start with that one 00:04:04.120 --> 00:04:06.520 align:middle line:84% and then I'll go to the original set 00:04:06.520 --> 00:04:09.070 align:middle line:90% that I had planned on doing. 00:04:09.070 --> 00:04:12.100 align:middle line:84% And in O'odham, I call this one-- 00:04:12.100 --> 00:04:14.590 align:middle line:84% well, it's just a little phrase that says, 00:04:14.590 --> 00:04:20.029 align:middle line:90% B ‘o ‘e-a:g maṣ ‘ab him g ju:kǐ. B ‘o ‘e-a:g maṣ ‘ab him g ju:kǐ. 00:04:20.310 --> 00:04:25.440 align:middle line:84% It loosely translates as, it is heard, or it's rumored, 00:04:25.440 --> 00:04:29.580 align:middle line:84% or it is said that the rain's coming. 00:04:29.580 --> 00:04:32.550 align:middle line:84% So we know that it wasn't a rumor. 00:04:32.550 --> 00:04:37.380 align:middle line:90% B ‘o ‘e-a:g maṣ ‘ab him g ju:kǐ. Ṣag wepo mo pi woho. 00:04:37.550 --> 00:04:45.380 align:middle line:90% Nañpi koi ta:tk g jeweḍ mat am o i si ka:ckad c pi o i-hoiñad c o ñendad. 00:04:45.550 --> 00:04:48.380 align:middle line:90% Ṣag wepo mo pi woho. 00:04:48.550 --> 00:04:56.380 align:middle line:90% Nañpi koi ta:tk g da:m ka:cim mat o ge s-wa’usim s-we:ckad. Ṣag wepo mo pi woho. 00:04:56.550 --> 00:05:03.380 align:middle line:90% Nañpi koi ta:tk g hewel mat s-hewogim o ‘i-me: Ṣag wepo mo pi woho. 00:05:03.550 --> 00:05:10.380 align:middle line:90% Nañpi koi hewegid g s-wa us jeweḍ mat g hewel ‘ab o ‘u’ad. 00:05:10.550 --> 00:05:16.380 align:middle line:90% Ñia, heg hekaj o pi ṣa’i woho matṣ o ju:. 00:05:17.970 --> 00:05:19.920 align:middle line:84% "Someone said, or else it's rumored, 00:05:19.920 --> 00:05:22.050 align:middle line:90% that it's going to rain. 00:05:22.050 --> 00:05:24.660 align:middle line:84% I think it is not so, because I have not 00:05:24.660 --> 00:05:30.740 align:middle line:84% felt the Earth in the way that it holds still in anticipation. 00:05:30.740 --> 00:05:33.440 align:middle line:84% I think it is not so, because I have not 00:05:33.440 --> 00:05:39.130 align:middle line:84% felt the sky become heavy with moisture of preparation. 00:05:39.130 --> 00:05:42.880 align:middle line:84% I think it is not so, because I have not felt the winds 00:05:42.880 --> 00:05:46.720 align:middle line:90% move with their coolness. 00:05:46.720 --> 00:05:49.930 align:middle line:84% I think it is not so, because I have not 00:05:49.930 --> 00:05:56.210 align:middle line:84% inhaled the sweet, wet dirt the winds bring. 00:05:56.210 --> 00:06:03.660 align:middle line:84% So there is no truth that it is going to rain." 00:06:03.660 --> 00:06:05.190 align:middle line:84% That's the only rain one we have. 00:06:05.190 --> 00:06:11.700 align:middle line:90% 00:06:11.700 --> 00:06:13.830 align:middle line:84% There's a little set in here in the book 00:06:13.830 --> 00:06:15.600 align:middle line:90% that I rarely ever read. 00:06:15.600 --> 00:06:21.880 align:middle line:84% And so I'm going to do about three pieces from that section. 00:06:21.880 --> 00:06:24.900 align:middle line:84% And I believe the section has to do-- well, 00:06:24.900 --> 00:06:28.690 align:middle line:84% I identify it as the part that deals with people, 00:06:28.690 --> 00:06:30.060 align:middle line:90% and so forth. 00:06:30.060 --> 00:06:31.560 align:middle line:84% The section on the people is the one 00:06:31.560 --> 00:06:37.140 align:middle line:84% that is a little section about women's hair or other people's 00:06:37.140 --> 00:06:40.200 align:middle line:84% hair, I suppose, but I envisioned them 00:06:40.200 --> 00:06:42.570 align:middle line:90% as being women's hair. 00:06:42.570 --> 00:06:44.160 align:middle line:84% And so the first one I want to read 00:06:44.160 --> 00:06:48.070 align:middle line:90% is called Her Hair is her Dress. 00:06:48.070 --> 00:06:55.810 align:middle line:84% And this is partially true events 00:06:55.810 --> 00:07:00.280 align:middle line:84% about a woman who collected her hair her whole life. 00:07:00.280 --> 00:07:03.190 align:middle line:84% Any piece of hair that she combed from her brush, 00:07:03.190 --> 00:07:05.800 align:middle line:90% she pulled out and kept it. 00:07:05.800 --> 00:07:09.850 align:middle line:84% When her hair was cut, she kept it all her adult life. 00:07:09.850 --> 00:07:14.830 align:middle line:84% And she did live to be a little over 100 years old, about 105. 00:07:14.830 --> 00:07:18.190 align:middle line:84% And in her room, that was her space, 00:07:18.190 --> 00:07:21.010 align:middle line:84% she had all these Gunny sacks of hair 00:07:21.010 --> 00:07:22.960 align:middle line:84% in the corner from her whole life, 00:07:22.960 --> 00:07:24.980 align:middle line:84% because she lived there all her life. 00:07:24.980 --> 00:07:29.260 align:middle line:84% And she told me about those Gunny sacks of hair one day. 00:07:29.260 --> 00:07:31.390 align:middle line:84% And she said that she believed that she 00:07:31.390 --> 00:07:36.910 align:middle line:84% didn't want to leave any of her hair any place that-- 00:07:36.910 --> 00:07:39.790 align:middle line:84% or she thought that she would have to go back and collect 00:07:39.790 --> 00:07:42.640 align:middle line:90% after she died. 00:07:42.640 --> 00:07:47.020 align:middle line:84% Anyway, so she made sure she knew where it all was. 00:07:47.020 --> 00:07:48.460 align:middle line:90% So this is about that woman. 00:07:48.460 --> 00:07:51.700 align:middle line:84% And then part of it is about how you work with hair 00:07:51.700 --> 00:07:55.960 align:middle line:84% when you comb hair, and when you part your hair, 00:07:55.960 --> 00:07:59.020 align:middle line:84% and how you know your part is straight. 00:07:59.020 --> 00:08:03.320 align:middle line:90% So Her Hair is her Dress. 00:08:03.320 --> 00:08:06.430 align:middle line:84% "She lived to be over 100 years old. 00:08:06.430 --> 00:08:11.110 align:middle line:84% She told her children, when I die, make a pillow for me 00:08:11.110 --> 00:08:13.370 align:middle line:90% out of my hair. 00:08:13.370 --> 00:08:16.810 align:middle line:84% She had saved her hair all those years. 00:08:16.810 --> 00:08:19.420 align:middle line:84% She used to say, I don't want to be 00:08:19.420 --> 00:08:23.350 align:middle line:84% scratching through the ashes looking for my hair. 00:08:23.350 --> 00:08:29.700 align:middle line:84% In the end, her hair did rest on her pillow of hair. 00:08:29.700 --> 00:08:36.659 align:middle line:84% She pulls and twists, braiding, talking, pulling words down 00:08:36.659 --> 00:08:38.700 align:middle line:90% the length of the hair. 00:08:38.700 --> 00:08:40.500 align:middle line:90% Make the part straight. 00:08:40.500 --> 00:08:43.230 align:middle line:90% Be sure she is in balance. 00:08:43.230 --> 00:08:46.770 align:middle line:84% Follow the path to the rabbit's nest, 00:08:46.770 --> 00:08:51.120 align:middle line:84% the place at the base of the skull, that private place that 00:08:51.120 --> 00:08:53.040 align:middle line:90% is hers alone. 00:08:53.040 --> 00:08:55.440 align:middle line:84% The other place, where the heartbeat 00:08:55.440 --> 00:08:58.410 align:middle line:90% is visible through the skin. 00:08:58.410 --> 00:09:01.680 align:middle line:90% A tender place, vulnerable. 00:09:01.680 --> 00:09:04.470 align:middle line:84% Hit her there, her knees buckle and she 00:09:04.470 --> 00:09:07.620 align:middle line:90% falls face down at your feet. 00:09:07.620 --> 00:09:13.110 align:middle line:84% A place so tender, only a baby rabbit might sleep." 00:09:13.110 --> 00:09:16.920 align:middle line:84% And that's what they call that little spot back there. 00:09:16.920 --> 00:09:19.650 align:middle line:90% Thought, gosh, rabbits nest. 00:09:19.650 --> 00:09:21.267 align:middle line:90% And we all have one at a time. 00:09:21.267 --> 00:09:23.100 align:middle line:84% That's the direction you're supposed to head 00:09:23.100 --> 00:09:24.450 align:middle line:90% when you part your hair. 00:09:24.450 --> 00:09:28.180 align:middle line:84% And so your part is supposed to be straight. 00:09:28.180 --> 00:09:32.170 align:middle line:84% However, sometimes you rabbit's nest is slightly off-center, 00:09:32.170 --> 00:09:34.180 align:middle line:84% and your part will end up off-center 00:09:34.180 --> 00:09:38.530 align:middle line:84% if you do follow the rabbit's nest. 00:09:38.530 --> 00:09:41.540 align:middle line:84% And then this one also is, again, 00:09:41.540 --> 00:09:45.880 align:middle line:84% like I said because her immediately 00:09:45.880 --> 00:09:48.370 align:middle line:90% associated with women. 00:09:48.370 --> 00:09:52.540 align:middle line:84% The one called "Stolen Hair" is also based on a true event. 00:09:52.540 --> 00:09:54.890 align:middle line:84% And this was one that happened to me. 00:09:54.890 --> 00:09:58.780 align:middle line:84% Someone cut my hair without my knowing it 00:09:58.780 --> 00:10:05.590 align:middle line:84% at the Fiesta de Los Vaqueros parade about 15 years ago. 00:10:05.590 --> 00:10:06.700 align:middle line:90% They did that. 00:10:06.700 --> 00:10:10.730 align:middle line:84% Somebody cut it and I didn't notice it until way later. 00:10:10.730 --> 00:10:14.050 align:middle line:84% So of course we had to cut it some more to get it even. 00:10:14.050 --> 00:10:16.585 align:middle line:84% Anyway, so this is kind of from that event. 00:10:16.585 --> 00:10:19.420 align:middle line:90% 00:10:19.420 --> 00:10:21.770 align:middle line:90% Stolen Hair. 00:10:21.770 --> 00:10:23.790 align:middle line:84% "It happened at the rodeo parade. 00:10:23.790 --> 00:10:25.430 align:middle line:90% Someone cut her hair. 00:10:25.430 --> 00:10:29.360 align:middle line:84% Someone, a crazy person, a witch maybe. 00:10:29.360 --> 00:10:32.990 align:middle line:84% Took her hair for a sacrifice, for decoration, 00:10:32.990 --> 00:10:37.310 align:middle line:90% for a magic charm, perhaps. 00:10:37.310 --> 00:10:39.950 align:middle line:84% Since then, there were other stories. 00:10:39.950 --> 00:10:44.910 align:middle line:84% One woman said someone took her hair in a movie theater. 00:10:44.910 --> 00:10:48.740 align:middle line:84% She said, it was my fault because I like to throw it 00:10:48.740 --> 00:10:51.110 align:middle line:90% over the back of the chair. 00:10:51.110 --> 00:10:55.100 align:middle line:84% Another said, I was riding the Greyhound bus home. 00:10:55.100 --> 00:10:58.220 align:middle line:90% I fell asleep and was dreaming. 00:10:58.220 --> 00:11:02.240 align:middle line:84% I dreamed of how my sister used to comb my long hair for me. 00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:04.730 align:middle line:90% She used to pull it hard. 00:11:04.730 --> 00:11:09.200 align:middle line:84% When I awoke, I found over 12 inches gone. 00:11:09.200 --> 00:11:12.350 align:middle line:84% These women will search the ashes for their hair 00:11:12.350 --> 00:11:14.970 align:middle line:90% when they leave this Earth." 00:11:14.970 --> 00:11:18.330 align:middle line:84% So we know what we'll be doing when we leave, 00:11:18.330 --> 00:11:21.240 align:middle line:90% looking for our hair. 00:11:21.240 --> 00:11:23.220 align:middle line:84% But that's true, when that happened to me, 00:11:23.220 --> 00:11:26.640 align:middle line:84% I mentioned to some Indian women, some Navajo women 00:11:26.640 --> 00:11:27.880 align:middle line:90% around campus. 00:11:27.880 --> 00:11:32.700 align:middle line:84% And then they started telling me stories about their hair. 00:11:32.700 --> 00:11:37.150 align:middle line:84% So be careful where you hang your hair. 00:11:37.150 --> 00:11:39.940 align:middle line:84% And then finally this one is the little O'odham ladies 00:11:39.940 --> 00:11:41.890 align:middle line:90% out on the reservation. 00:11:41.890 --> 00:11:44.560 align:middle line:84% Several years ago, a colleague and I from anthropology 00:11:44.560 --> 00:11:47.170 align:middle line:84% did a dialect study out on the reservation, 00:11:47.170 --> 00:11:53.050 align:middle line:84% and all our participants were men and women 00:11:53.050 --> 00:11:57.880 align:middle line:84% over 55 years old, because it was a language study. 00:11:57.880 --> 00:12:00.670 align:middle line:84% And we still love visiting with the older women. 00:12:00.670 --> 00:12:03.820 align:middle line:84% In fact, we had trouble finding older men. 00:12:03.820 --> 00:12:05.770 align:middle line:84% Women were eager to work with us, 00:12:05.770 --> 00:12:09.670 align:middle line:84% but the men were being shy or else just low in number, 00:12:09.670 --> 00:12:12.850 align:middle line:84% just the mortality rate of Indian men. 00:12:12.850 --> 00:12:17.170 align:middle line:84% So we used to notice how these women would fix their hair when 00:12:17.170 --> 00:12:18.820 align:middle line:84% we'd come to visit them, because they'd 00:12:18.820 --> 00:12:21.430 align:middle line:84% get all nice and dressed up just so that we 00:12:21.430 --> 00:12:24.910 align:middle line:84% could sit there under their ramada and interview them. 00:12:24.910 --> 00:12:29.740 align:middle line:84% But they had this collection of nice hairpins in their hair. 00:12:29.740 --> 00:12:31.390 align:middle line:90% So this is that one. 00:12:31.390 --> 00:12:32.287 align:middle line:90% This is real short. 00:12:32.287 --> 00:12:33.370 align:middle line:90% It's just called Hairpins. 00:12:33.370 --> 00:12:36.570 align:middle line:90% 00:12:36.570 --> 00:12:40.530 align:middle line:84% "They glitter like broken glass on black asphalt. 00:12:40.530 --> 00:12:43.380 align:middle line:84% Dime store hairpins of clear plastic, 00:12:43.380 --> 00:12:49.140 align:middle line:84% rhinestones, glass diamonds, and multicolored aluminum strips. 00:12:49.140 --> 00:12:52.560 align:middle line:84% Little hairpins, plastic combs are placed 00:12:52.560 --> 00:12:55.050 align:middle line:90% at intervals around her hair. 00:12:55.050 --> 00:13:00.180 align:middle line:84% They glisten, sparkle, throwing light all around her, 00:13:00.180 --> 00:13:03.960 align:middle line:90% giving her a halo." 00:13:03.960 --> 00:13:10.573 align:middle line:90% Anyway those were the women. 00:13:10.573 --> 00:13:12.490 align:middle line:84% I want to invite the people that are standing. 00:13:12.490 --> 00:13:13.710 align:middle line:90% If you want to sit down. 00:13:13.710 --> 00:13:17.050 align:middle line:84% We're going to be here for a little while. 00:13:17.050 --> 00:13:18.550 align:middle line:90% Please sit down. 00:13:18.550 --> 00:13:22.594 align:middle line:90% 00:13:22.594 --> 00:13:27.930 align:middle line:84% This first one is one of a piece that I've been working on 00:13:27.930 --> 00:13:29.790 align:middle line:90% for quite some time. 00:13:29.790 --> 00:13:33.120 align:middle line:90% And it's a bit long. 00:13:33.120 --> 00:13:35.790 align:middle line:84% I think it's sort of a long piece now, 00:13:35.790 --> 00:13:38.620 align:middle line:84% but I think it's going to get longer. 00:13:38.620 --> 00:13:41.590 align:middle line:84% So I sort of stopped it at a point for you. 00:13:41.590 --> 00:13:48.620 align:middle line:84% But at one point, I've been sort of thinking about women 00:13:48.620 --> 00:13:54.380 align:middle line:84% and how they handle things like dirt. 00:13:54.380 --> 00:13:57.710 align:middle line:84% And I've come across women, and we've talked about dirt. 00:13:57.710 --> 00:14:03.260 align:middle line:84% And I've come across women who still gather plants, potatoes, 00:14:03.260 --> 00:14:07.880 align:middle line:84% and things like that, wild potatoes, wild plants. 00:14:07.880 --> 00:14:09.980 align:middle line:84% And it's interesting how their hands 00:14:09.980 --> 00:14:13.970 align:middle line:84% look because they do that kind of work every now and then. 00:14:13.970 --> 00:14:15.770 align:middle line:84% Anyway, I've been sort of paying attention 00:14:15.770 --> 00:14:18.800 align:middle line:90% to those things about women. 00:14:18.800 --> 00:14:20.300 align:middle line:84% The other thing that I've been doing 00:14:20.300 --> 00:14:21.800 align:middle line:90% is I've been tasting dirt. 00:14:21.800 --> 00:14:26.720 align:middle line:84% I eat a lot of dirt for different reasons. 00:14:26.720 --> 00:14:28.910 align:middle line:84% We're given dirt when we're first born 00:14:28.910 --> 00:14:32.510 align:middle line:84% and at different stages of our life. 00:14:32.510 --> 00:14:36.170 align:middle line:84% But between those different stages, 00:14:36.170 --> 00:14:40.880 align:middle line:84% you can taste or eat dirt, if you so desire or have a craving 00:14:40.880 --> 00:14:41.760 align:middle line:90% or whatever. 00:14:41.760 --> 00:14:43.250 align:middle line:84% But anyway, I've been tasting dirt 00:14:43.250 --> 00:14:46.400 align:middle line:84% in different places of the state. 00:14:46.400 --> 00:14:50.060 align:middle line:84% Just that where we go, I've tasted different levels 00:14:50.060 --> 00:14:51.800 align:middle line:90% of the Grand Canyon, I think. 00:14:51.800 --> 00:14:56.450 align:middle line:90% The different geologic phases. 00:14:56.450 --> 00:14:57.785 align:middle line:90% They have different flavors. 00:14:57.785 --> 00:15:01.280 align:middle line:90% 00:15:01.280 --> 00:15:04.940 align:middle line:84% I've tasted the dirt at the different ruins 00:15:04.940 --> 00:15:10.460 align:middle line:84% up on the northern part of the reservation, and so forth. 00:15:10.460 --> 00:15:13.040 align:middle line:84% Because they are from different periods of time, 00:15:13.040 --> 00:15:16.370 align:middle line:84% just to see what they taste like. 00:15:16.370 --> 00:15:18.270 align:middle line:90% Anyway, they're quite distinct. 00:15:18.270 --> 00:15:22.970 align:middle line:84% So anyway, this one came from that, the business about dirt. 00:15:22.970 --> 00:15:24.170 align:middle line:90% So more people came in. 00:15:24.170 --> 00:15:27.440 align:middle line:90% If you want to find a seat. 00:15:27.440 --> 00:15:29.060 align:middle line:90% You get to sit right in front. 00:15:29.060 --> 00:15:33.730 align:middle line:90% 00:15:33.730 --> 00:15:36.560 align:middle line:90% OK, it's nice to see you guys. 00:15:36.560 --> 00:15:40.720 align:middle line:84% You get stuck on the other side of the washer. 00:15:40.720 --> 00:15:45.190 align:middle line:84% Anyway, so I'm just calling it Dirt. 00:15:45.190 --> 00:15:49.590 align:middle line:84% "It seems lately, I've been craving dirt. 00:15:49.590 --> 00:15:54.180 align:middle line:84% I long to see the way it lays on freshly turned fields, 00:15:54.180 --> 00:15:56.280 align:middle line:84% to see it clinging to equipment that 00:15:56.280 --> 00:15:59.700 align:middle line:90% digs deep beneath the surface. 00:15:59.700 --> 00:16:03.750 align:middle line:84% I not only long to see it, but to taste it. 00:16:03.750 --> 00:16:07.680 align:middle line:84% I taste it through my nostrils, when suddenly, dry dirt 00:16:07.680 --> 00:16:10.770 align:middle line:90% becomes wet from a garden hose. 00:16:10.770 --> 00:16:13.710 align:middle line:90% It seems that is not enough. 00:16:13.710 --> 00:16:19.940 align:middle line:84% I smell the dirt and swallow, a sympathetic sensory reaction. 00:16:19.940 --> 00:16:23.030 align:middle line:84% A Hopi friend once told me that Hopi children 00:16:23.030 --> 00:16:26.450 align:middle line:90% lick the sides of Adobe houses. 00:16:26.450 --> 00:16:30.080 align:middle line:84% I know many women, when cleaning dried beans search out 00:16:30.080 --> 00:16:34.400 align:middle line:84% the tiny pieces of dirt, place them on their tongue, 00:16:34.400 --> 00:16:39.050 align:middle line:84% and let them melt. Old women smokers drop ashes 00:16:39.050 --> 00:16:43.520 align:middle line:84% so daintily from their cigarettes, onto their palm, 00:16:43.520 --> 00:16:46.020 align:middle line:90% onto their tongue. 00:16:46.020 --> 00:16:48.450 align:middle line:90% I walk through a hardware store. 00:16:48.450 --> 00:16:54.610 align:middle line:84% I find myself in the foliage of the garden section. 00:16:54.610 --> 00:16:58.600 align:middle line:84% Bougainvilleas, Mexican bird of paradise, 00:16:58.600 --> 00:17:04.960 align:middle line:84% oleander, pyracanthas, rose bushes, all kinds of acacias, 00:17:04.960 --> 00:17:07.089 align:middle line:90% don't make an impression. 00:17:07.089 --> 00:17:10.869 align:middle line:84% Instead, I am attracted to the freshly watered dirt. 00:17:10.869 --> 00:17:13.569 align:middle line:84% Mixed together, it runs down the sides 00:17:13.569 --> 00:17:15.940 align:middle line:90% of five and 10-gallon buckets. 00:17:15.940 --> 00:17:17.980 align:middle line:84% From the drain holes, the mixture 00:17:17.980 --> 00:17:20.859 align:middle line:90% makes the trail onto the cement. 00:17:20.859 --> 00:17:25.210 align:middle line:84% I watch it run into cracks and seems to settle in dry. 00:17:25.210 --> 00:17:26.980 align:middle line:84% As I walk through the garden area, 00:17:26.980 --> 00:17:29.770 align:middle line:84% I am further drawn in the direction of the center 00:17:29.770 --> 00:17:31.810 align:middle line:90% of the garden shop world. 00:17:31.810 --> 00:17:37.130 align:middle line:84% The potting soils, mixtures, and bags of fertilizer. 00:17:37.130 --> 00:17:41.440 align:middle line:84% Their aroma is intensified by the humidity of the plants. 00:17:41.440 --> 00:17:43.330 align:middle line:90% I feel its warmth. 00:17:43.330 --> 00:17:46.270 align:middle line:84% The fertility is strangely comforting. 00:17:46.270 --> 00:17:49.140 align:middle line:90% 00:17:49.140 --> 00:17:51.660 align:middle line:84% Doing electrical wiring in our house, 00:17:51.660 --> 00:17:54.630 align:middle line:84% we bore holes into the adobe walls. 00:17:54.630 --> 00:17:57.690 align:middle line:84% Rivers of dry dirt began to flow. 00:17:57.690 --> 00:18:00.580 align:middle line:90% The house is over 30 years old. 00:18:00.580 --> 00:18:03.990 align:middle line:90% So I know the dirt is clean. 00:18:03.990 --> 00:18:07.800 align:middle line:84% When the opportunity arose, I wet my finger, 00:18:07.800 --> 00:18:11.700 align:middle line:84% and I lifted the dirt, and put it on my tongue. 00:18:11.700 --> 00:18:15.220 align:middle line:84% It tasted the way I thought it would. 00:18:15.220 --> 00:18:18.250 align:middle line:84% A woman once told me, when we were children 00:18:18.250 --> 00:18:21.550 align:middle line:84% we would suck the syrup from ocotillo blossoms, 00:18:21.550 --> 00:18:25.060 align:middle line:84% syrup normally only accessible to hummingbirds, bees, 00:18:25.060 --> 00:18:26.290 align:middle line:90% and bats. 00:18:26.290 --> 00:18:29.440 align:middle line:84% She said, we gather the blossoms and set them 00:18:29.440 --> 00:18:34.870 align:middle line:84% so the syrup would collect in a little puddle in the soft dirt. 00:18:34.870 --> 00:18:36.790 align:middle line:90% And then we ate it. 00:18:36.790 --> 00:18:41.660 align:middle line:84% It was just a little dirt, and it was clean dirt. 00:18:41.660 --> 00:18:46.000 align:middle line:84% I know what she means by clean dirt. 00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:49.610 align:middle line:84% There are many who think they know dirt, clay, 00:18:49.610 --> 00:18:52.330 align:middle line:90% mud by other restructurings. 00:18:52.330 --> 00:18:55.600 align:middle line:84% But potters, cement workers, and anyone 00:18:55.600 --> 00:18:58.510 align:middle line:84% else who claims an occupation with the stuff, 00:18:58.510 --> 00:19:01.840 align:middle line:90% doesn't know what children know. 00:19:01.840 --> 00:19:04.150 align:middle line:84% They have spent the whole childhood walking 00:19:04.150 --> 00:19:10.570 align:middle line:84% on it uncharred, felt the hard, solid, and smooth wetness. 00:19:10.570 --> 00:19:14.500 align:middle line:84% Children know how unforgiving it can be. 00:19:14.500 --> 00:19:19.720 align:middle line:84% There is no recourse as the dirt makes its way into shoes, 00:19:19.720 --> 00:19:23.290 align:middle line:84% embedding itself into unsuspecting fibers, 00:19:23.290 --> 00:19:26.230 align:middle line:90% causing whites to go brown. 00:19:26.230 --> 00:19:30.040 align:middle line:84% A brown many mothers who pride themselves on the whiteness 00:19:30.040 --> 00:19:34.390 align:middle line:84% of their whites can be thrown into a despair from which they 00:19:34.390 --> 00:19:37.420 align:middle line:90% cannot recover. 00:19:37.420 --> 00:19:40.450 align:middle line:84% It is truly difficult to distinguish 00:19:40.450 --> 00:19:48.250 align:middle line:84% whether cold dirt or hot dirt is harder for kneeling. 00:19:48.250 --> 00:19:52.390 align:middle line:84% Catholic mass celebrated outdoors. 00:19:52.390 --> 00:19:56.920 align:middle line:84% The summer's heat already settles in even at 10:00 AM, 00:19:56.920 --> 00:20:00.430 align:middle line:84% as the faithful endure the kneeling. 00:20:00.430 --> 00:20:04.000 align:middle line:84% And what seems like endless minutes of standing, 00:20:04.000 --> 00:20:07.870 align:middle line:90% feet flattening into the dirt. 00:20:07.870 --> 00:20:11.350 align:middle line:90% All of this before Vatican II. 00:20:11.350 --> 00:20:15.910 align:middle line:84% And in the winter, Christmas midnight mass, 00:20:15.910 --> 00:20:20.470 align:middle line:84% the dark cold dirt floor of a winter solstice 00:20:20.470 --> 00:20:24.100 align:middle line:84% is no friend of a child having to endure 00:20:24.100 --> 00:20:27.280 align:middle line:90% the kneeling of the faithful." 00:20:27.280 --> 00:20:30.350 align:middle line:90% So anyway, let me stop it there. 00:20:30.350 --> 00:20:31.880 align:middle line:90% But like I said, it does go on. 00:20:31.880 --> 00:20:39.430 align:middle line:90% 00:20:39.430 --> 00:20:47.320 align:middle line:84% And then of the new collection that I'm doing with Kore Press. 00:20:47.320 --> 00:20:49.750 align:middle line:84% As I said, that is all a bilingual collection. 00:20:49.750 --> 00:20:56.200 align:middle line:84% The pieces are in O'odham and then with English facing. 00:20:56.200 --> 00:21:00.550 align:middle line:84% And I just want to warn the people who 00:21:00.550 --> 00:21:04.480 align:middle line:84% are the English bilingual in the audience that they will notice 00:21:04.480 --> 00:21:09.760 align:middle line:84% that the O'odham, of course, doesn't directly correspond 00:21:09.760 --> 00:21:15.910 align:middle line:84% word by word into English, but the theme and many of the ideas 00:21:15.910 --> 00:21:18.770 align:middle line:90% are the same. 00:21:18.770 --> 00:21:22.180 align:middle line:84% So anyway there's a set within that collection 00:21:22.180 --> 00:21:27.250 align:middle line:84% that I like to think deals with people and personalities. 00:21:27.250 --> 00:21:32.620 align:middle line:90% And so I'll start with that set. 00:21:32.620 --> 00:21:34.120 align:middle line:84% And this one's one that I had been 00:21:34.120 --> 00:21:36.430 align:middle line:90% thinking of for a long time. 00:21:36.430 --> 00:21:38.890 align:middle line:84% And I didn't realize that there were 00:21:38.890 --> 00:21:41.380 align:middle line:84% certain things that had made impressions on me 00:21:41.380 --> 00:21:42.790 align:middle line:90% when I was younger. 00:21:42.790 --> 00:21:50.850 align:middle line:84% And some of these points here are because of adult relatives 00:21:50.850 --> 00:21:56.100 align:middle line:84% that I had, of course, as a child, and how they 00:21:56.100 --> 00:21:59.620 align:middle line:90% behaved at different times. 00:21:59.620 --> 00:22:03.930 align:middle line:84% And so there's one here that's about women, I believe. 00:22:03.930 --> 00:22:07.980 align:middle line:90% And this one about men. 00:22:07.980 --> 00:22:14.440 align:middle line:84% And I'll go ahead and read those for you. 00:22:14.440 --> 00:22:18.500 align:middle line:90% 00:22:18.500 --> 00:22:21.790 align:middle line:90% We'll just do the women one. 00:22:21.790 --> 00:22:24.730 align:middle line:84% And let me start with the O'odham form first. 00:22:24.730 --> 00:22:27.380 align:middle line:90% 00:22:27.380 --> 00:22:42.580 align:middle line:90% Cem 'al taiccu idam 'u'uwǐ mat hab o ma:skad mo g Patsy Cline k 'eda 'idam hia woho 00:22:42.580 --> 00:22:51.230 align:middle line:90% cem hekid hab cu'ig c o ge s-kowk ta:taḍ. C pi hekid ṣa’i ha'i eñiga g s-ke:g ṣuṣk. 00:22:51.580 --> 00:22:57.230 align:middle line:90% Heg 'a'i s-ap cekake mo ḍ tennys gahu ha-u'u Yellow Front t-am. 00:22:57.580 --> 00:23:07.230 align:middle line:90% C 'eḍa 'id an ñeid mo s-wegǐ maskal ipuḍ, s-to:ta wo:pda mo ḍ s-moik hogǐ, 00:23:07.580 --> 00:23:14.230 align:middle line:90% s-toha maskal an wuḍṣc e-kuswo 'an. K eḍa 'idam 'u'uwǐ hia woho hab cu'ig 00:23:14.580 --> 00:23:27.230 align:middle line:90% c aṣ hejel ha-nantoḍ g e-i'ipuḍ. Pi o ha-wopton aṣ g si:spakuḍkaj an o si:sisc. Ge s-o'i g lo:ba. 00:23:27.580 --> 00:23:41.230 align:middle line:90% C heg an 'al ñeid, cem 'al taicu mat o wepo ma:skad c o s-kukulwiñ mo'o, c o s-wepegǐ ce:ceñ, s-ap o 'u:wǐ. 00:23:41.580 --> 00:23:56.230 align:middle line:90% Kc 'idam 'u'uwǐ hia woho hab cu'ig c ce'ecewǐ mo'o, c aṣ ge hihitpaḍag mo ge s-kowk, 'imhu' i hugkam na:naggia. 00:23:56.580 --> 00:24:02.230 align:middle line:90% C heg an ñeid c taiccu mat hab o 'al ma:skad. 00:24:06.230 --> 00:24:13.490 align:middle line:84% "To be like Patsy Cline, yet the women seem to be all the same. 00:24:13.490 --> 00:24:19.760 align:middle line:84% Thick wide feet, no pretty, smart shoes as possessions. 00:24:19.760 --> 00:24:22.820 align:middle line:84% They are destined to canvas shoes, 00:24:22.820 --> 00:24:25.550 align:middle line:90% tennys from yellow front. 00:24:25.550 --> 00:24:30.290 align:middle line:84% And they look at this one, the one who sports a red silk 00:24:30.290 --> 00:24:36.440 align:middle line:84% dress with fringes, white calf skin boots, a white scarf 00:24:36.440 --> 00:24:38.720 align:middle line:90% around her neck. 00:24:38.720 --> 00:24:44.310 align:middle line:84% Yet the women seem to be the same, homemade dresses 00:24:44.310 --> 00:24:46.230 align:middle line:90% with no buttons. 00:24:46.230 --> 00:24:50.820 align:middle line:84% Instead, safety pins for holding her together. 00:24:50.820 --> 00:24:56.340 align:middle line:84% The material, a loud print for everyone to hear. 00:24:56.340 --> 00:25:02.460 align:middle line:84% And they look at this one, curled hair, red lips, 00:25:02.460 --> 00:25:06.120 align:middle line:84% appearing like she always smells pretty. 00:25:06.120 --> 00:25:13.830 align:middle line:84% Yet the women seem to be on the same, horse long braids, braids 00:25:13.830 --> 00:25:17.480 align:middle line:84% that hang down trying to reach those dreams." 00:25:17.480 --> 00:25:20.960 align:middle line:90% 00:25:20.960 --> 00:25:22.730 align:middle line:84% Anyway, that's about those women. 00:25:22.730 --> 00:25:25.410 align:middle line:90% 00:25:25.410 --> 00:25:30.450 align:middle line:84% And then sort of the counter part to this is the one on men. 00:25:30.450 --> 00:25:36.540 align:middle line:84% And this is the one about that are about my male adult 00:25:36.540 --> 00:25:39.240 align:middle line:90% relatives. 00:25:39.240 --> 00:25:45.900 align:middle line:84% And in O'odham, the title is Matpǐ wuḍ o cem s-ke:gcu. 00:25:45.900 --> 00:25:54.360 align:middle line:84% And the gloss is something like evidently 00:25:54.360 --> 00:25:59.790 align:middle line:90% or supposedly the handsome one. 00:25:59.790 --> 00:26:13.200 align:middle line:90% Matpǐ wuḍ o cem s-ke:gcu. S-ap u:wǐ g mo'o g huhudakuḍ, Waikk Hiosig. S-ap u:wǐ g ki'iwi, spearmint. 00:26:13.590 --> 00:26:23.200 align:middle line:90% S-ke maskal mo ge s-uam an wudṣc e-kuswo an. Ge s-moik hogǐ wonam. 00:26:23.590 --> 00:26:48.200 align:middle line:90% S-toha g hemucij kamiṣ mo ge s-to:ta wopton. Ṣaliwij gahu hug mo am 'i-ṣ:ṣonwa g s-cuck wo:pdaj mo ṣa'i si w-wapedkǐ. 00:26:48.800 --> 00:26:51.370 align:middle line:90% The Handsome One. 00:26:51.370 --> 00:26:57.870 align:middle line:84% "The smell of three flowers hair cream, spearmint gum. 00:26:57.870 --> 00:27:03.830 align:middle line:84% A bright yellow scarf around his neck, suede leather hat, 00:27:03.830 --> 00:27:09.440 align:middle line:84% starched white shirt with pearl snap buttons, 00:27:09.440 --> 00:27:15.125 align:middle line:84% new black stiff Levi's ending at his black shiny boots." 00:27:15.125 --> 00:27:18.710 align:middle line:90% 00:27:18.710 --> 00:27:20.120 align:middle line:90% Anyway, so those are the men. 00:27:20.120 --> 00:27:24.190 align:middle line:90% 00:27:24.190 --> 00:27:29.170 align:middle line:84% And then also from that same collection. 00:27:29.170 --> 00:27:37.130 align:middle line:84% And this one is from the title piece. 00:27:37.130 --> 00:27:43.030 align:middle line:84% And the title piece in O'odham is called Jeweḍ ‘I-Hoi. 00:27:43.030 --> 00:27:48.020 align:middle line:84% Jeweḍ is the noun for Earth or land. 00:27:48.020 --> 00:27:56.620 align:middle line:84% And 'i-hoi is to move to-- 00:27:56.620 --> 00:28:00.140 align:middle line:84% not move as in locate or anything like that. 00:28:00.140 --> 00:28:03.430 align:middle line:90% It's a different kind of move. 00:28:03.430 --> 00:28:07.030 align:middle line:84% Anyway, so the Earth moves sort of like of course 00:28:07.030 --> 00:28:08.390 align:middle line:90% as if it were alive. 00:28:08.390 --> 00:28:10.450 align:middle line:84% So it has a certain type of movement. 00:28:10.450 --> 00:28:11.770 align:middle line:84% Jeweḍ ‘I-Hoi. 00:28:11.770 --> 00:28:16.190 align:middle line:84% And so in English, I sort of glossed it as Earth Movement. 00:28:16.190 --> 00:28:18.520 align:middle line:90% So that's the collection. 00:28:18.520 --> 00:28:30.730 align:middle line:84% So anyway, this one, Jeweḍ ‘I-Hoi, this one begins with a phrase 00:28:30.730 --> 00:28:34.640 align:middle line:84% that my mother used to say every now and then, 00:28:34.640 --> 00:28:36.770 align:middle line:90% especially in the morning. 00:28:36.770 --> 00:28:42.260 align:middle line:84% And she would ask us, or she'd ask, and she'd say, 00:28:42.260 --> 00:28:46.580 align:middle line:90% “añ ep ta:tk mat si ‘i-hoi g jeweḍ?" 00:28:47.090 --> 00:28:52.010 align:middle line:84% And literally, it says, did you feel the Earth move? 00:28:52.010 --> 00:28:53.930 align:middle line:84% And I never knew whether she meant 00:28:53.930 --> 00:28:58.400 align:middle line:84% it was like a little bit of a tremor or something like that, 00:28:58.400 --> 00:29:00.470 align:middle line:90% or something else. 00:29:00.470 --> 00:29:02.930 align:middle line:84% And I used to think that she meant 00:29:02.930 --> 00:29:07.400 align:middle line:84% that at some point in the night she felt the Earth actually 00:29:07.400 --> 00:29:09.810 align:middle line:90% rotating on its axis. 00:29:09.810 --> 00:29:12.530 align:middle line:90% So that's the way it begins. 00:29:12.530 --> 00:29:15.950 align:middle line:84% And that is the phrase, Jeweḍ ‘I-Hoi, 00:29:15.950 --> 00:29:18.500 align:middle line:90% that's where that comes from. 00:29:18.500 --> 00:29:23.270 align:middle line:84% And the other part of this piece is certainly 00:29:23.270 --> 00:29:29.330 align:middle line:84% influenced by when scientists claim to have 00:29:29.330 --> 00:29:31.760 align:middle line:90% discovered how stars are made. 00:29:31.760 --> 00:29:36.380 align:middle line:84% So they said stars are born, that they're embryonic. 00:29:36.380 --> 00:29:40.370 align:middle line:84% You know, that they go through some embryonic process. 00:29:40.370 --> 00:29:43.620 align:middle line:90% So I was very intrigued by that. 00:29:43.620 --> 00:29:47.840 align:middle line:84% So that's sort of in here as well. 00:29:47.840 --> 00:29:51.480 align:middle line:90% 00:29:51.480 --> 00:29:54.690 align:middle line:84% Well, in this set here, not in this particular one, 00:29:54.690 --> 00:29:56.710 align:middle line:90% but in the set as well. 00:29:56.710 --> 00:30:01.380 align:middle line:84% So anyway so this is about a woman and jeweḍ ‘i-hoi 00:30:01.380 --> 00:30:03.710 align:middle line:90% and Earth movements. 00:30:03.710 --> 00:30:14.486 align:middle line:90% Jeweḍ ‘I-Hoi. Kus hascu hab a:g mat hab o cei, “añ ep ta:tk mat si ‘i-hoi g jeweḍ, 00:30:14.510 --> 00:30:24.486 align:middle line:90% nap pi ṣa’i ta:tk a:pi?” “Pi’a, pi’a.” Ñia, kus hascu hab a:g? 00:30:24.510 --> 00:30:38.486 align:middle line:90% Kutp hems heg hab a:g mat o ṣa e-hai g jeweḍ k o ‘i-hoi a no heg hab a:g mat sikol o memḍad mo g milga:n b a’aga rotation. 00:30:38.510 --> 00:30:54.486 align:middle line:90% Ñia, kutp hems heg hab a:g mo hegai ta:tk. Kutp hems hab e-elid mo an ke:k id jeweḍ da:m c da’a an da:m ka:cim oidc. 00:30:54.510 --> 00:31:08.486 align:middle line:90% Ceṣṣajcug g jeweḍ hab masma mat hemakc g s-melidkam kawyu o ceṣṣajcug. An meḍad c g mo’oj ṣelim an e-wiḍut huhu’u mehidag ku:bs oidc. 00:31:08.510 --> 00:31:24.486 align:middle line:90% S-ke:g hab ma:s. Heg an we:maj wiappoi mo an ko:mcug g taṣ c gahu amjeḍ i-bebhe si alig ta:gio amjeḍ gamhu hukkam hudñig ta:gio. 00:31:24.510 --> 00:31:33.486 align:middle line:90% Ñia, kut hegai maṣ d maṣad ceḍ o odham o si al hehemad matṣ an o bij. 00:31:37.510 --> 00:31:40.210 align:middle line:90% "Riding the Earth. 00:31:40.210 --> 00:31:44.020 align:middle line:84% She said she felt the Earth move again. 00:31:44.020 --> 00:31:48.430 align:middle line:84% I never knew whether she meant she felt a tremor, 00:31:48.430 --> 00:31:51.910 align:middle line:84% or whether it was the rotation of the Earth. 00:31:51.910 --> 00:31:56.230 align:middle line:84% I like to think she felt the rotation, because anyone 00:31:56.230 --> 00:31:59.020 align:middle line:90% can feel a tremor. 00:31:59.020 --> 00:32:01.780 align:middle line:84% And when she felt this, she could 00:32:01.780 --> 00:32:06.100 align:middle line:84% see herself standing on the Earth's surface, 00:32:06.100 --> 00:32:12.760 align:middle line:84% her thick wide feet solidly planted, toes digging in. 00:32:12.760 --> 00:32:16.450 align:middle line:84% Her visualization so strong, she almost 00:32:16.450 --> 00:32:20.620 align:middle line:84% feels her body arch against a centrifugal force 00:32:20.620 --> 00:32:22.510 align:middle line:90% of the rotation. 00:32:22.510 --> 00:32:25.240 align:middle line:84% She sees herself, with her long hair, 00:32:25.240 --> 00:32:30.190 align:middle line:84% floating, floating in an atmosphere of stardust. 00:32:30.190 --> 00:32:35.750 align:middle line:84% She rides her planet the way a child rides a toy. 00:32:35.750 --> 00:32:42.050 align:middle line:84% Her company is the boy who takes the sun on its daily journey. 00:32:42.050 --> 00:32:46.325 align:middle line:84% And the man in the moon smiles as she passes by." 00:32:46.325 --> 00:32:56.590 align:middle line:90% 00:32:56.590 --> 00:33:01.240 align:middle line:84% So I think that would be a nice trip 00:33:01.240 --> 00:33:02.980 align:middle line:90% to take every now and then. 00:33:02.980 --> 00:33:08.690 align:middle line:90% 00:33:08.690 --> 00:33:11.330 align:middle line:84% Now, this is the one that was certainly influenced 00:33:11.330 --> 00:33:16.850 align:middle line:90% by the way that stars are born. 00:33:16.850 --> 00:33:19.280 align:middle line:90% And that's the title of this. 00:33:19.280 --> 00:33:24.140 align:middle line:84% Hu'u 'At Ma:si, the birth of stars. 00:33:24.140 --> 00:33:30.110 align:middle line:84% And not only was this piece influenced by that information 00:33:30.110 --> 00:33:35.510 align:middle line:84% about how stars are formed, but also 00:33:35.510 --> 00:33:40.940 align:middle line:84% by different journeys that the O'odham 00:33:40.940 --> 00:33:44.360 align:middle line:90% people take in their stories. 00:33:44.360 --> 00:33:49.490 align:middle line:84% And then also journeys that perhaps some of you in here 00:33:49.490 --> 00:34:01.360 align:middle line:84% have taken with this bus company in Mexico that some of us 00:34:01.360 --> 00:34:03.790 align:middle line:84% have done at least once in a lifetime, which 00:34:03.790 --> 00:34:06.940 align:middle line:90% is more than enough. 00:34:06.940 --> 00:34:10.719 align:middle line:84% And the introduction to this collection for Kore Press, 00:34:10.719 --> 00:34:14.050 align:middle line:84% though, is talking about this particular bus line. 00:34:14.050 --> 00:34:16.670 align:middle line:90% 00:34:16.670 --> 00:34:18.739 align:middle line:84% And I didn't know how far South they went. 00:34:18.739 --> 00:34:23.750 align:middle line:84% I've taken it from the state of Chihuahua, up to Sonora, 00:34:23.750 --> 00:34:26.570 align:middle line:90% to Nogales. 00:34:26.570 --> 00:34:30.650 align:middle line:84% But in the introduction, I said that it is possible 00:34:30.650 --> 00:34:35.719 align:middle line:84% that they go all the way South down to Tierra Del Fuego. 00:34:35.719 --> 00:34:40.310 align:middle line:84% And some of them look like they go down to Tierra Del Fuego 00:34:40.310 --> 00:34:42.320 align:middle line:90% and back to Nogales in one day. 00:34:42.320 --> 00:34:45.139 align:middle line:90% 00:34:45.139 --> 00:34:47.570 align:middle line:90% So it's that kind of bus line. 00:34:47.570 --> 00:34:52.489 align:middle line:84% You know, it's one of those sort of mystical kind of bus lines. 00:34:52.489 --> 00:34:55.460 align:middle line:90% 00:34:55.460 --> 00:34:58.670 align:middle line:84% Anyway, so those kinds of trips and journeys 00:34:58.670 --> 00:35:00.800 align:middle line:90% certainly influenced this piece. 00:35:00.800 --> 00:35:03.440 align:middle line:84% And it's been more than 15 years or so 00:35:03.440 --> 00:35:05.930 align:middle line:90% that I've ridden on that bus. 00:35:05.930 --> 00:35:10.040 align:middle line:84% But there are some Greyhound bus lines that are about the same 00:35:10.040 --> 00:35:14.510 align:middle line:84% as well, and I've ridden more Greyhound bus systems also 00:35:14.510 --> 00:35:15.960 align:middle line:90% for a lifetime. 00:35:15.960 --> 00:35:20.540 align:middle line:84% So anyway, that kind of journey is in here as well. 00:35:20.540 --> 00:35:25.320 align:middle line:84% And journeys going to all kinds of strange places 00:35:25.320 --> 00:35:28.790 align:middle line:84% where events have happened and then certainly events 00:35:28.790 --> 00:35:31.340 align:middle line:90% will be happening soon. 00:35:31.340 --> 00:35:37.160 align:middle line:84% And then certainly, I included some stuff here 00:35:37.160 --> 00:35:40.460 align:middle line:84% from a traditional literature about coyote 00:35:40.460 --> 00:35:44.540 align:middle line:84% and how he handles the star making thing. 00:35:44.540 --> 00:35:47.540 align:middle line:84% So this is called Hu'u 'At Ma:si, 00:35:47.540 --> 00:35:48.695 align:middle line:90% Stars are Born. 00:35:48.695 --> 00:35:51.770 align:middle line:90% 00:35:51.770 --> 00:36:11.330 align:middle line:90% Hu'u 'at ma:si. Ñeid 'o mat am ma:si g hu'u, mat am e-na:to. Jeweḍ, ku:bs, ṣu:dagǐ, hewel, mehǐ s-gewkam 'an 'e-bei. 00:36:11.570 --> 00:36:25.330 align:middle line:90% 'Am hihim c 'amhu hebai 'i ṣoṣ c am ñeid, 'am ñeid mat am ma:si g hu'u. Tres Estrellas de Oro, 00:36:25.570 --> 00:36:39.330 align:middle line:90% o ceṣ 'i:da k ha'ap o me: amai mat g huhugam am ha'ap wo:p. o am ha'ap o wo:p mat 'am 'i-ṣonwua, 'e-na:to 'i:da jeweḍ, 00:36:39.570 --> 00:36:52.330 align:middle line:90% o am ha'ap o wo:p mat 'am o 'i-e-ku:kt, pi e-ha'icuc 'i:da jeweḍ. Ñia, 'am at ma:si g hu'u. 00:36:52.570 --> 00:37:08.330 align:middle line:90% Kutpǐ hems hab cu'ig c o 'al ṣoakdad g ha-je'e mat o ṣa cu: o mat o ṣa wo:p g ma:maḍaj 00:37:08.570 --> 00:37:22.330 align:middle line:90% o mat g ban an has o memeḍa c 'an has ha-gantaḍ. 'Am hihim c 'am heba'i ṣoṣ c 'am ñeid mat 'am ma:si, 00:37:22.570 --> 00:37:27.330 align:middle line:90% 'am ñeid mat am ma:si g hu'u. 00:37:31.970 --> 00:37:35.090 align:middle line:90% The Birth of a Star. 00:37:35.090 --> 00:37:39.440 align:middle line:84% "They have seen the place where stars are born. 00:37:39.440 --> 00:37:42.170 align:middle line:90% They are embryonic. 00:37:42.170 --> 00:37:48.260 align:middle line:84% Hydrogen gas, microscopic dust, carbon, 00:37:48.260 --> 00:37:53.120 align:middle line:84% ultraviolet radiation, evaporation, and erosion 00:37:53.120 --> 00:37:55.620 align:middle line:90% in space. 00:37:55.620 --> 00:37:58.710 align:middle line:84% On the journey, and somewhere along the way, 00:37:58.710 --> 00:38:00.960 align:middle line:90% they stopped and saw. 00:38:00.960 --> 00:38:06.170 align:middle line:84% They saw the place where stars are born. 00:38:06.170 --> 00:38:09.290 align:middle line:90% Tres Estrellas de Oro. 00:38:09.290 --> 00:38:13.670 align:middle line:84% Take a ride to that place where the ancestors have gone, 00:38:13.670 --> 00:38:17.390 align:middle line:84% or travel to the place where the Earth was created. 00:38:17.390 --> 00:38:21.800 align:middle line:84% Or travel to the place where the Earth will end. 00:38:21.800 --> 00:38:26.310 align:middle line:84% Or travel to the place where stars are born. 00:38:26.310 --> 00:38:29.580 align:middle line:84% And they wondered if perhaps the mother 00:38:29.580 --> 00:38:36.790 align:middle line:84% cries, if her birth stars burn out, become cold. 00:38:36.790 --> 00:38:41.860 align:middle line:84% And they wondered if perhaps the mother cries, if her birth 00:38:41.860 --> 00:38:45.430 align:middle line:90% stars fall in a shower. 00:38:45.430 --> 00:38:48.430 align:middle line:84% And they wonder if perhaps the mother 00:38:48.430 --> 00:38:52.150 align:middle line:84% cries, if her birth stars are scattered 00:38:52.150 --> 00:38:56.210 align:middle line:90% about and abused by coyote. 00:38:56.210 --> 00:38:59.990 align:middle line:84% On the journey and somewhere along the way, 00:38:59.990 --> 00:39:02.480 align:middle line:90% they stopped and saw. 00:39:02.480 --> 00:39:06.200 align:middle line:84% They saw the place where stars are born." 00:39:06.200 --> 00:39:19.140 align:middle line:90% 00:39:19.140 --> 00:39:21.150 align:middle line:90% So I like that one a lot. 00:39:21.150 --> 00:39:25.662 align:middle line:84% I like the way it worked out for me. 00:39:25.662 --> 00:39:27.120 align:middle line:84% In that it included a lot of things 00:39:27.120 --> 00:39:28.412 align:middle line:90% that I had been thinking about. 00:39:28.412 --> 00:39:34.080 align:middle line:84% And with that thing about discovering how stars are made, 00:39:34.080 --> 00:39:37.950 align:middle line:84% it kind of helped me put it together. 00:39:37.950 --> 00:39:39.990 align:middle line:84% And I had been carrying around that thing 00:39:39.990 --> 00:39:43.560 align:middle line:84% about the bus for a long, long time, 00:39:43.560 --> 00:39:46.120 align:middle line:90% and figured out how to use it. 00:39:46.120 --> 00:39:49.815 align:middle line:84% So you might see some more bus ones here pretty soon. 00:39:49.815 --> 00:39:53.120 align:middle line:90% 00:39:53.120 --> 00:39:59.510 align:middle line:84% And then of course, we have a little animal section, 00:39:59.510 --> 00:40:01.870 align:middle line:90% which is always my favorite. 00:40:01.870 --> 00:40:05.550 align:middle line:90% 00:40:05.550 --> 00:40:09.120 align:middle line:84% Both in the early collection and then, of course, in this one. 00:40:09.120 --> 00:40:11.930 align:middle line:90% 00:40:11.930 --> 00:40:14.480 align:middle line:84% I'd like to end with two pieces, one from the collection 00:40:14.480 --> 00:40:19.590 align:middle line:90% and one from the book. 00:40:19.590 --> 00:40:21.720 align:middle line:84% And the one that I want to start with here 00:40:21.720 --> 00:40:25.350 align:middle line:84% is the one about the little coyotes. 00:40:25.350 --> 00:40:28.050 align:middle line:84% And this is the one about the song since the last one ended 00:40:28.050 --> 00:40:29.850 align:middle line:90% with the little coyotes. 00:40:29.850 --> 00:40:31.480 align:middle line:84% At least O'odham and other tribes 00:40:31.480 --> 00:40:33.750 align:middle line:84% say the same thing about how coyote 00:40:33.750 --> 00:40:37.410 align:middle line:84% helped to make the universe, especially 00:40:37.410 --> 00:40:39.510 align:middle line:90% in scattering the stars. 00:40:39.510 --> 00:40:43.170 align:middle line:84% In O'odham, there's one story that says he was hungry 00:40:43.170 --> 00:40:48.630 align:middle line:84% and he went into a shelter where they kept food and so forth. 00:40:48.630 --> 00:40:54.990 align:middle line:84% And he grabbed a container full of different grains and seeds 00:40:54.990 --> 00:40:56.220 align:middle line:90% and so forth. 00:40:56.220 --> 00:40:59.130 align:middle line:84% Sometimes it's corn meal that he dragged out. 00:40:59.130 --> 00:41:01.200 align:middle line:84% And they chased him and he took off, 00:41:01.200 --> 00:41:04.290 align:middle line:84% sort of running about, and sprinkled and sprayed 00:41:04.290 --> 00:41:05.470 align:middle line:90% the cornmeal about. 00:41:05.470 --> 00:41:11.560 align:middle line:84% And so that's what seemed to be our universe and our stars. 00:41:11.560 --> 00:41:14.395 align:middle line:84% So that's why that one ended that way about the stars. 00:41:14.395 --> 00:41:17.740 align:middle line:90% 00:41:17.740 --> 00:41:21.910 align:middle line:84% Anyway, this one on coyote, and then the last one on a whole 00:41:21.910 --> 00:41:23.650 align:middle line:90% set of animals. 00:41:23.650 --> 00:41:29.470 align:middle line:84% This one is a song, an O'odham song that this old man, who's 00:41:29.470 --> 00:41:34.210 align:middle line:84% no longer around, a medicine man, saying on a tape recording 00:41:34.210 --> 00:41:36.430 align:middle line:84% that I found at the folklore center. 00:41:36.430 --> 00:41:40.240 align:middle line:84% And I transcribed it and kept it. 00:41:40.240 --> 00:41:43.060 align:middle line:84% And other people have copied it and they sing it. 00:41:43.060 --> 00:41:47.050 align:middle line:84% I don't sing, so I just read them for you. 00:41:47.050 --> 00:41:51.480 align:middle line:84% Well, we labeled it “Ba:ban Ganhu Ge Ci:pia”. 00:41:51.480 --> 00:41:53.990 align:middle line:84% It's just as coyotes moving over there. 00:41:53.990 --> 00:41:56.920 align:middle line:84% But moving--ci:pia, when you move, 00:41:56.920 --> 00:41:58.540 align:middle line:90% it's the way humans move. 00:41:58.540 --> 00:42:00.880 align:middle line:84% Like when you move from one apartment to another, 00:42:00.880 --> 00:42:03.700 align:middle line:84% you have to pack up all your stuff. 00:42:03.700 --> 00:42:05.720 align:middle line:84% And it's not just like sort of taking off. 00:42:05.720 --> 00:42:06.880 align:middle line:90% It's that kind of moving. 00:42:06.880 --> 00:42:10.870 align:middle line:84% So this song sings about coyote and their families, 00:42:10.870 --> 00:42:13.480 align:middle line:84% and how they move from place to place. 00:42:13.480 --> 00:42:24.610 align:middle line:90% Ba:ban ganhu ge ci:pia, ba:ban ganhu ge ci:pia Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e, kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e 00:42:24.680 --> 00:42:32.610 align:middle line:90% Ba: mt o ci:pia? Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e Wa ṣa 'an wo:po ṣon 'oidag 00:42:32.610 --> 00:42:34.920 align:middle line:84% Coyotes moving along over there. 00:42:34.920 --> 00:42:37.050 align:middle line:90% Coyotes moving along over there. 00:42:37.050 --> 00:42:39.300 align:middle line:84% Someone go over there and ask them. 00:42:39.300 --> 00:42:41.700 align:middle line:84% Someone go over there and ask them, 00:42:41.700 --> 00:42:43.890 align:middle line:90% where are you guys moving to? 00:42:43.890 --> 00:42:46.050 align:middle line:90% Running along the foothills. 00:42:46.050 --> 00:42:48.150 align:middle line:90% Running along the foothills. 00:42:48.150 --> 00:42:50.550 align:middle line:84% Someone go over there and ask them, 00:42:50.550 --> 00:42:53.790 align:middle line:90% where are you guys moving to? 00:42:53.790 --> 00:42:58.530 align:middle line:84% With babies, new tennis shoes, and her Merle Haggard and Hank 00:42:58.530 --> 00:43:02.760 align:middle line:84% Williams tapes in the Basha's grocery bag. 00:43:02.760 --> 00:43:06.840 align:middle line:84% And his cowboy boots and another, all worldly goods, 00:43:06.840 --> 00:43:09.030 align:middle line:90% packed up, moving. 00:43:09.030 --> 00:43:15.410 align:middle line:90% Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e, kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e Ba: mt o ci:pia? 00:43:15.510 --> 00:43:18.120 align:middle line:84% Someone go over there and ask them. 00:43:18.120 --> 00:43:20.850 align:middle line:84% Someone go over there and ask them, 00:43:20.850 --> 00:43:24.480 align:middle line:90% where are you guys moving to? 00:43:24.480 --> 00:43:26.340 align:middle line:84% Anyway, so that's a little band one. 00:43:26.340 --> 00:43:29.860 align:middle line:90% 00:43:29.860 --> 00:43:34.720 align:middle line:84% This final set is one that also I 00:43:34.720 --> 00:43:37.010 align:middle line:84% had been thinking about for a long time. 00:43:37.010 --> 00:43:42.490 align:middle line:84% And some of the imagery and the behavior of animals 00:43:42.490 --> 00:43:49.330 align:middle line:84% that I say happens is based on my seeing animals and watching 00:43:49.330 --> 00:43:52.540 align:middle line:84% animals sometimes, either in their natural setting, 00:43:52.540 --> 00:43:57.760 align:middle line:84% or else in our local museums and such. 00:43:57.760 --> 00:44:01.310 align:middle line:84% And then certainly reading about some of them as well. 00:44:01.310 --> 00:44:06.165 align:middle line:84% And so I sort of put this little set. 00:44:06.165 --> 00:44:09.490 align:middle line:90% 00:44:09.490 --> 00:44:13.420 align:middle line:84% That this is some of their behavior or appearances. 00:44:13.420 --> 00:44:15.880 align:middle line:84% And if you don't watch animals, then it 00:44:15.880 --> 00:44:20.330 align:middle line:84% might motivate you to watch animals much more closely, 00:44:20.330 --> 00:44:23.860 align:middle line:90% especially the desert animals. 00:44:23.860 --> 00:44:29.620 align:middle line:84% So anyway, this one is just called [? Da:m ?] Ka:cim Hihimdam. 00:44:29.620 --> 00:44:32.830 align:middle line:84% And [? Da:m ?] Ka:cim Hihimdam, for O'odham people, 00:44:32.830 --> 00:44:37.750 align:middle line:84% they distinguish animals, [? da:m ?] ka:cim hihimdam, 00:44:37.750 --> 00:44:42.310 align:middle line:84% [? da:m ?] ka:cim is the Earth surface or land. 00:44:42.310 --> 00:44:47.320 align:middle line:84% And [? da:m ?] ka:cim hihimdam is anything that walks on land. 00:44:47.320 --> 00:44:50.060 align:middle line:84% And it doesn't literally have to walk on the land. 00:44:50.060 --> 00:44:54.880 align:middle line:84% It's something that normally has to settle or rest every now 00:44:54.880 --> 00:44:59.350 align:middle line:84% and then on land, or on trees, and rocks, or on water. 00:44:59.350 --> 00:45:06.930 align:middle line:84% And then you have animals that fly more than spend time 00:45:06.930 --> 00:45:07.950 align:middle line:90% on the Earth's surface. 00:45:07.950 --> 00:45:15.280 align:middle line:84% So that's how they make those distinctions. 00:45:15.280 --> 00:45:19.300 align:middle line:84% And so in English, the glosses, those that walk the Earth. 00:45:19.300 --> 00:45:23.020 align:middle line:84% And so anyway, this is a group on animals. 00:45:23.020 --> 00:45:31.330 align:middle line:84% And I have butterflies, and bats, and scorpions, 00:45:31.330 --> 00:45:35.140 align:middle line:90% and several others. 00:45:35.140 --> 00:45:40.660 align:middle line:84% Anyway, like I said, I hope you recognize them as well. 00:45:40.660 --> 00:45:43.340 align:middle line:90% 00:45:43.340 --> 00:45:53.930 align:middle line:90% Hohogimal. Hohogimal. S-ke:gaj, s-ke:gaj. Cem s-e-hiosignimcud. 00:45:53.730 --> 00:45:56.610 align:middle line:90% "Butterfly, butterfly. 00:45:56.610 --> 00:45:59.550 align:middle line:90% With beauty, with beauty. 00:45:59.550 --> 00:46:05.320 align:middle line:84% The pull to be a flower is forever strong. 00:46:05.320 --> 00:46:15.816 align:middle line:90% Nanakmel. Ṣudagǐ 'am si al cendad. Ge cuhug eḍa 'am ha-nanmek ga ha:ṣañ hiosig. 00:46:16.510 --> 00:46:18.630 align:middle line:90% Bat. 00:46:18.630 --> 00:46:23.670 align:middle line:84% Gently, the water is kissed by moonlight, the courting 00:46:23.670 --> 00:46:26.592 align:middle line:90% of saguaro blossoms. 00:46:26.592 --> 00:46:39.940 align:middle line:90% Nakṣel. Kuṣadk bahǐ, s-ta-e:bidama. Hemhoa 'am hodai weco 'e-estokc, hemhoa. 00:46:40.070 --> 00:46:45.800 align:middle line:84% Scorpion, a crooked tale to be feared. 00:46:45.800 --> 00:46:49.580 align:middle line:84% Surely, all stones must go unturned. 00:46:49.580 --> 00:46:52.240 align:middle line:90% 00:46:52.240 --> 00:47:10.375 align:middle line:90% Ciaḍagǐ. S-oam, s-cuk, s-wegǐ. Hejelkam c 'an 'oimeḍ. Ñ-ṣoiga 'o an s-m-ñenhogǐ. Gḍhu si al kokma g jeweḍ c him. 00:47:10.610 --> 00:47:16.130 align:middle line:84% Gila monster, yellow, black, red. 00:47:16.130 --> 00:47:18.830 align:middle line:90% A solitary wonder. 00:47:18.830 --> 00:47:24.270 align:middle line:84% My horse senses you, yet with each movement, 00:47:24.270 --> 00:47:28.470 align:middle line:90% the Earth is embraced. 00:47:28.470 --> 00:47:41.850 align:middle line:90% Cemamagǐ. Pi ṣa:muñhim an oimeḍ. Sikolim, s-kowk, s-muhadagǐ. S-na:k g ñ-ha:l hiosig. 00:47:42.030 --> 00:47:46.650 align:middle line:84% Horned toad, a silent traveler, thickly 00:47:46.650 --> 00:47:49.800 align:middle line:90% around unflattering colors. 00:47:49.800 --> 00:47:54.180 align:middle line:90% Squash blossoms await you. 00:47:54.180 --> 00:48:07.530 align:middle line:90% Hujuḍ. S-wepegihim e-ñeñigid. S-wegǐ totoñ. Cuk totoñ. To:ta totoñ. Wo'o kc ha-ñeñda, 'e-ñeñigid. 00:48:08.810 --> 00:48:16.350 align:middle line:84% Lizard, with lightning strikes, red ants, black ants, 00:48:16.350 --> 00:48:23.860 align:middle line:84% white ants lying in wait, as lightning strikes. 00:48:23.860 --> 00:48:35.134 align:middle line:90% Wipismal. Ñeñe'i 'an himcud. 'Al 'a'an 'an beteñim ñ-i:bdag eḍ. 00:48:35.220 --> 00:48:40.440 align:middle line:84% Hummingbird, moving with songs, little wings 00:48:40.440 --> 00:48:43.900 align:middle line:90% beating in my heart." 00:48:43.900 --> 00:48:45.890 align:middle line:90% Thank you very much. 00:48:45.890 --> 00:49:01.000 align:middle line:90%