WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.200 align:middle line:90% 00:00:01.200 --> 00:00:07.020 align:middle line:84% The next passage is from the novel Stoner, 00:00:07.020 --> 00:00:14.850 align:middle line:84% which concerns a man raised on a farm, who suddenly discovered, 00:00:14.850 --> 00:00:19.380 align:middle line:84% when he was in college, a love for literature 00:00:19.380 --> 00:00:23.250 align:middle line:84% and devoted the rest of his life to teaching. 00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:24.270 align:middle line:90% He was a professor. 00:00:24.270 --> 00:00:26.900 align:middle line:90% 00:00:26.900 --> 00:00:28.550 align:middle line:84% In the eyes of the world, he might have 00:00:28.550 --> 00:00:30.830 align:middle line:90% been thought to be a failure. 00:00:30.830 --> 00:00:33.380 align:middle line:84% In the eyes of the reader of Stoner, 00:00:33.380 --> 00:00:37.370 align:middle line:84% I hope he is not thought to be so. 00:00:37.370 --> 00:00:40.400 align:middle line:90% He had an ordinary life. 00:00:40.400 --> 00:00:43.400 align:middle line:90% He married, rather badly. 00:00:43.400 --> 00:00:47.930 align:middle line:84% Had a daughter whom he loved, and one love affair with a girl 00:00:47.930 --> 00:00:52.670 align:middle line:84% named Katherine, who also was a scholar. 00:00:52.670 --> 00:00:57.230 align:middle line:84% At the age of 65, he discovers that he is dying. 00:00:57.230 --> 00:01:02.570 align:middle line:84% He dies during the year of his retirement. 00:01:02.570 --> 00:01:06.350 align:middle line:84% As he is dying, he thinks of his life 00:01:06.350 --> 00:01:10.310 align:middle line:90% and what it has meant to him. 00:01:10.310 --> 00:01:14.600 align:middle line:84% He is at his home, and these are the last moments 00:01:14.600 --> 00:01:15.455 align:middle line:90% of Stoner's life. 00:01:15.455 --> 00:01:21.800 align:middle line:90% 00:01:21.800 --> 00:01:24.080 align:middle line:84% "The pain came upon him with a suddenness 00:01:24.080 --> 00:01:27.770 align:middle line:84% and an urgency that took him unprepared, so that he almost 00:01:27.770 --> 00:01:29.660 align:middle line:90% cried out. 00:01:29.660 --> 00:01:32.180 align:middle line:84% He made his hands loosen up on the bedclothes 00:01:32.180 --> 00:01:35.240 align:middle line:84% and willed them to move steadily to the night table. 00:01:35.240 --> 00:01:37.820 align:middle line:84% He took several of the pills, and put them in his mouth, 00:01:37.820 --> 00:01:39.800 align:middle line:90% and swallowed some water. 00:01:39.800 --> 00:01:42.020 align:middle line:84% A cold sweat broke upon his forehead, 00:01:42.020 --> 00:01:47.090 align:middle line:84% and he lay very still until the pain lessened. 00:01:47.090 --> 00:01:49.040 align:middle line:90% He heard the voices again. 00:01:49.040 --> 00:01:51.440 align:middle line:90% He did not open his eyes. 00:01:51.440 --> 00:01:52.700 align:middle line:90% Was it Gordon?" 00:01:52.700 --> 00:01:54.416 align:middle line:90% A friend of his. 00:01:54.416 --> 00:01:57.500 align:middle line:84% "His hearing seemed to go outside his body and hover 00:01:57.500 --> 00:02:00.230 align:middle line:84% like a cloud above him, transmitting to him 00:02:00.230 --> 00:02:04.160 align:middle line:84% every delicacy of sound, but his mind could not exactly 00:02:04.160 --> 00:02:06.560 align:middle line:90% distinguish the words. 00:02:06.560 --> 00:02:08.690 align:middle line:90% The voice-- was it Gordon's? 00:02:08.690 --> 00:02:12.440 align:middle line:84% Was saying something about his life. 00:02:12.440 --> 00:02:14.270 align:middle line:84% And though he could not make out the words, 00:02:14.270 --> 00:02:18.020 align:middle line:84% could not even be sure that they were being said, his own mind, 00:02:18.020 --> 00:02:21.200 align:middle line:84% with the fierceness of a wounded animal, pounced 00:02:21.200 --> 00:02:23.240 align:middle line:90% upon that question. 00:02:23.240 --> 00:02:30.590 align:middle line:84% Mercilessly, he saw his life as it must appear to another. 00:02:30.590 --> 00:02:35.030 align:middle line:84% Dispassionately, reasonably, he contemplated the failure 00:02:35.030 --> 00:02:38.420 align:middle line:90% that his life must appear to be. 00:02:38.420 --> 00:02:41.690 align:middle line:84% He had wanted friendship and the closeness of friendship 00:02:41.690 --> 00:02:45.230 align:middle line:84% that might hold him in the race of mankind. 00:02:45.230 --> 00:02:49.400 align:middle line:84% He had had, in his life, two friends, one of whom 00:02:49.400 --> 00:02:53.660 align:middle line:84% had died senselessly before he was known, the other of whom 00:02:53.660 --> 00:02:56.810 align:middle line:84% had now withdrawn so distantly into the ranks 00:02:56.810 --> 00:02:59.510 align:middle line:90% of the living that-- 00:02:59.510 --> 00:03:03.170 align:middle line:84% he had wanted the singleness and the still connective passion 00:03:03.170 --> 00:03:04.520 align:middle line:90% of marriage. 00:03:04.520 --> 00:03:08.630 align:middle line:84% He had had that too, and he had not known what to do with it, 00:03:08.630 --> 00:03:10.850 align:middle line:90% and it had died. 00:03:10.850 --> 00:03:14.030 align:middle line:84% He had wanted love, and he had had love, 00:03:14.030 --> 00:03:16.730 align:middle line:84% and had relinquished it, had let it go 00:03:16.730 --> 00:03:20.220 align:middle line:90% into the chaos of potentiality. 00:03:20.220 --> 00:03:24.470 align:middle line:84% Katherine, he thought, Katherine. 00:03:24.470 --> 00:03:27.980 align:middle line:84% And he had wanted to be a teacher, and he had become one. 00:03:27.980 --> 00:03:30.110 align:middle line:84% Yet he knew-- he had always known-- 00:03:30.110 --> 00:03:35.060 align:middle line:84% that for most of his life, he had been an indifferent one. 00:03:35.060 --> 00:03:38.540 align:middle line:84% He had dreamed of a kind of integrity, of a kind of purity 00:03:38.540 --> 00:03:39.920 align:middle line:90% that was entire. 00:03:39.920 --> 00:03:43.670 align:middle line:84% He had found compromise in the assaulting diversion 00:03:43.670 --> 00:03:45.440 align:middle line:90% of triviality. 00:03:45.440 --> 00:03:49.700 align:middle line:84% He had conceived wisdom, and at the end of the long years, 00:03:49.700 --> 00:03:52.730 align:middle line:90% he had found ignorance. 00:03:52.730 --> 00:03:53.390 align:middle line:90% And what else? 00:03:53.390 --> 00:03:54.620 align:middle line:90% He thought. 00:03:54.620 --> 00:03:57.740 align:middle line:90% What else? 00:03:57.740 --> 00:03:59.960 align:middle line:90% What did you expect? 00:03:59.960 --> 00:04:03.130 align:middle line:90% He asked himself. 00:04:03.130 --> 00:04:04.780 align:middle line:90% He opened his eyes. 00:04:04.780 --> 00:04:06.640 align:middle line:90% It was dark. 00:04:06.640 --> 00:04:10.540 align:middle line:84% Then he saw the sky outside, the deep, blue black of space, 00:04:10.540 --> 00:04:14.170 align:middle line:84% and the thin glow of moonlight through a cloud. 00:04:14.170 --> 00:04:16.450 align:middle line:84% It must be very late, he thought. 00:04:16.450 --> 00:04:19.839 align:middle line:84% It seemed only an instant ago that Gordon and Edith 00:04:19.839 --> 00:04:23.380 align:middle line:84% had stood beside him in the bright afternoon. 00:04:23.380 --> 00:04:25.360 align:middle line:90% Or was it long ago? 00:04:25.360 --> 00:04:28.360 align:middle line:90% He could not tell. 00:04:28.360 --> 00:04:31.780 align:middle line:84% He had known that his mind must weaken as his body wasted, 00:04:31.780 --> 00:04:35.350 align:middle line:84% but he had been unprepared for the suddenness. 00:04:35.350 --> 00:04:39.340 align:middle line:84% The flesh is strong, he thought, stronger than we imagine. 00:04:39.340 --> 00:04:42.190 align:middle line:90% It wants always to go on. 00:04:42.190 --> 00:04:46.180 align:middle line:84% He heard voices and saw lights, and felt the pain come and go. 00:04:46.180 --> 00:04:48.320 align:middle line:90% Edith's face hovered above him. 00:04:48.320 --> 00:04:50.050 align:middle line:90% He felt his face smile. 00:04:50.050 --> 00:04:52.390 align:middle line:84% Sometimes, he heard his own voice speak, 00:04:52.390 --> 00:04:54.130 align:middle line:84% and he thought that it spoke rationally, 00:04:54.130 --> 00:04:56.470 align:middle line:90% though he could not be sure. 00:04:56.470 --> 00:05:01.360 align:middle line:84% He felt Edith's hands on him, moving him, bathing him. 00:05:01.360 --> 00:05:03.790 align:middle line:84% She has her child again, he thought. 00:05:03.790 --> 00:05:08.290 align:middle line:84% At last, she has her child that she can care for. 00:05:08.290 --> 00:05:10.720 align:middle line:84% He wished that he could speak to her. 00:05:10.720 --> 00:05:14.980 align:middle line:84% He felt that he had something to say. 00:05:14.980 --> 00:05:16.960 align:middle line:90% What did you expect? 00:05:16.960 --> 00:05:18.910 align:middle line:90% He thought. 00:05:18.910 --> 00:05:22.090 align:middle line:84% Something heavy was pressing upon his eyelids. 00:05:22.090 --> 00:05:25.960 align:middle line:84% He felt them tremble, and then he managed to get them open. 00:05:25.960 --> 00:05:28.840 align:middle line:84% It was light that he felt, the bright sunlight 00:05:28.840 --> 00:05:30.520 align:middle line:90% of an afternoon. 00:05:30.520 --> 00:05:32.740 align:middle line:84% He blinked and considered impassively 00:05:32.740 --> 00:05:35.650 align:middle line:84% the blue sky and the brilliant edge of the sun 00:05:35.650 --> 00:05:38.000 align:middle line:84% that he could see through his window. 00:05:38.000 --> 00:05:40.690 align:middle line:90% He decided that they were real. 00:05:40.690 --> 00:05:43.270 align:middle line:84% He moved a hand, and with the movement 00:05:43.270 --> 00:05:46.840 align:middle line:84% he felt a curious strength flow through him, as if 00:05:46.840 --> 00:05:48.250 align:middle line:90% from the air. 00:05:48.250 --> 00:05:50.020 align:middle line:90% He breathed deeply. 00:05:50.020 --> 00:05:52.180 align:middle line:90% There was no pain. 00:05:52.180 --> 00:05:55.180 align:middle line:84% With each breath he took, it seemed to him 00:05:55.180 --> 00:05:57.040 align:middle line:90% that his strength increased. 00:05:57.040 --> 00:05:59.650 align:middle line:84% His flesh tangled, and he could feel 00:05:59.650 --> 00:06:03.730 align:middle line:84% the delicate weight of light and shade upon his face. 00:06:03.730 --> 00:06:05.410 align:middle line:84% He raised himself up from the bed 00:06:05.410 --> 00:06:09.340 align:middle line:84% so that he was half sitting, his back supported by the wall, 00:06:09.340 --> 00:06:11.680 align:middle line:90% against which the bed rested. 00:06:11.680 --> 00:06:14.950 align:middle line:84% Now, he could see the out of doors. 00:06:14.950 --> 00:06:17.500 align:middle line:84% He felt that he had awakened from a long sleep 00:06:17.500 --> 00:06:18.730 align:middle line:90% and was refreshed. 00:06:18.730 --> 00:06:20.830 align:middle line:84% It was late spring or early summer. 00:06:20.830 --> 00:06:23.860 align:middle line:84% More likely early summer from the look of things. 00:06:23.860 --> 00:06:27.730 align:middle line:84% There was a richness and a sheen upon the leaves of the huge elm 00:06:27.730 --> 00:06:29.680 align:middle line:90% tree in his backyard. 00:06:29.680 --> 00:06:32.290 align:middle line:84% And the shade it cast had a deep coolness 00:06:32.290 --> 00:06:34.270 align:middle line:90% that he had known before. 00:06:34.270 --> 00:06:37.090 align:middle line:84% A thickness was in the air, a heaviness that 00:06:37.090 --> 00:06:40.960 align:middle line:84% crowded the sweet odors of grass, and leaf, and flower, 00:06:40.960 --> 00:06:44.620 align:middle line:84% mingling them, and holding them suspended. 00:06:44.620 --> 00:06:47.110 align:middle line:90% He breathed again, deeply. 00:06:47.110 --> 00:06:49.480 align:middle line:84% He heard the rasping of his breath, 00:06:49.480 --> 00:06:55.300 align:middle line:84% and felt the sweetness of the summer gather in his lungs. 00:06:55.300 --> 00:06:58.870 align:middle line:84% And he felt also, with that breath he took, 00:06:58.870 --> 00:07:02.230 align:middle line:84% a shifting somewhere deep inside him, 00:07:02.230 --> 00:07:06.220 align:middle line:84% a shifting that stopped something and fixed his head so 00:07:06.220 --> 00:07:08.145 align:middle line:90% that it would not move. 00:07:08.145 --> 00:07:11.080 align:middle line:84% And then it passed, and he thought, 00:07:11.080 --> 00:07:13.060 align:middle line:90% so this is what it is like. 00:07:13.060 --> 00:07:15.650 align:middle line:90% 00:07:15.650 --> 00:07:18.200 align:middle line:84% It occurred to him that he ought to call Edith, 00:07:18.200 --> 00:07:21.920 align:middle line:84% and then he knew that he would not call her. 00:07:21.920 --> 00:07:24.020 align:middle line:84% The dying are selfish, he thought. 00:07:24.020 --> 00:07:28.280 align:middle line:84% They want their moments to themselves, like children. 00:07:28.280 --> 00:07:29.660 align:middle line:84% He was breathing again, but there 00:07:29.660 --> 00:07:32.330 align:middle line:84% was a difference within him that he could not name. 00:07:32.330 --> 00:07:36.390 align:middle line:84% He felt that he was waiting for something, for some knowledge, 00:07:36.390 --> 00:07:41.750 align:middle line:84% but it seemed to him that he had all the time in the world. 00:07:41.750 --> 00:07:43.700 align:middle line:84% He heard the distant sound of laughter, 00:07:43.700 --> 00:07:46.500 align:middle line:84% and he turned his head toward its source. 00:07:46.500 --> 00:07:49.490 align:middle line:84% A group of students had cut across the backyard lawn. 00:07:49.490 --> 00:07:53.450 align:middle line:90% They were hurrying somewhere. 00:07:53.450 --> 00:07:55.070 align:middle line:90% He saw them distinctly. 00:07:55.070 --> 00:07:56.870 align:middle line:90% There were three couples. 00:07:56.870 --> 00:08:00.200 align:middle line:84% The girls were long-limbed and graceful in their light summer 00:08:00.200 --> 00:08:02.840 align:middle line:84% dresses, and the boys were looking at them 00:08:02.840 --> 00:08:06.110 align:middle line:84% with a joyous and bemused wonder. 00:08:06.110 --> 00:08:08.030 align:middle line:84% They walked lightly upon the grass, 00:08:08.030 --> 00:08:12.920 align:middle line:84% hardly touching it, leaving no trace of where they had been. 00:08:12.920 --> 00:08:15.650 align:middle line:84% He watched them as they went out of his sight, 00:08:15.650 --> 00:08:17.300 align:middle line:90% where he could not see. 00:08:17.300 --> 00:08:19.580 align:middle line:84% And for a long time after they had vanished, 00:08:19.580 --> 00:08:24.020 align:middle line:84% the sound of their laughter came to him far and unknowing 00:08:24.020 --> 00:08:29.150 align:middle line:84% in the quiet of the summer afternoon. 00:08:29.150 --> 00:08:31.280 align:middle line:90% What did you expect? 00:08:31.280 --> 00:08:34.250 align:middle line:90% He thought again. 00:08:34.250 --> 00:08:39.289 align:middle line:84% A kind of joy came upon him, as if borne in on a summer breeze. 00:08:39.289 --> 00:08:43.220 align:middle line:84% He dimly recalled that he had been thinking of failure as 00:08:43.220 --> 00:08:44.930 align:middle line:90% if it mattered. 00:08:44.930 --> 00:08:48.530 align:middle line:84% It seemed to him now that such thoughts were mean, unworthy 00:08:48.530 --> 00:08:51.080 align:middle line:90% of what his life had been. 00:08:51.080 --> 00:08:54.920 align:middle line:84% Dim presences gathered at the edge of his consciousness. 00:08:54.920 --> 00:08:58.160 align:middle line:84% He could not see them, but he knew that they were there, 00:08:58.160 --> 00:09:02.210 align:middle line:84% gathering their forces toward a kind of palpability 00:09:02.210 --> 00:09:05.000 align:middle line:90% he could not see or hear. 00:09:05.000 --> 00:09:06.950 align:middle line:84% He was approaching them, he knew, 00:09:06.950 --> 00:09:09.480 align:middle line:90% but there was no need to hurry. 00:09:09.480 --> 00:09:11.840 align:middle line:84% He could ignore them if he wished. 00:09:11.840 --> 00:09:14.852 align:middle line:90% He had all the time there was. 00:09:14.852 --> 00:09:17.780 align:middle line:84% There was a softness around him, and the languor 00:09:17.780 --> 00:09:20.120 align:middle line:90% crept upon his limbs. 00:09:20.120 --> 00:09:24.320 align:middle line:84% A sense of his own identity came upon him with a sudden force, 00:09:24.320 --> 00:09:26.930 align:middle line:90% and he felt the power of it. 00:09:26.930 --> 00:09:32.090 align:middle line:84% He was himself, and he knew what he had been. 00:09:32.090 --> 00:09:34.040 align:middle line:90% His head turned. 00:09:34.040 --> 00:09:36.320 align:middle line:84% His bedside table was piled with books 00:09:36.320 --> 00:09:39.320 align:middle line:84% that he had not touched for a long time. 00:09:39.320 --> 00:09:42.380 align:middle line:84% He let his hand play over them for a moment. 00:09:42.380 --> 00:09:45.140 align:middle line:84% He marveled at the thinness of the fingers, 00:09:45.140 --> 00:09:49.910 align:middle line:84% at the intricate articulation of the joints as he flexed them. 00:09:49.910 --> 00:09:52.430 align:middle line:84% He felt the strength within them and let 00:09:52.430 --> 00:09:55.820 align:middle line:84% them pull a book from the jumble on the tabletop. 00:09:55.820 --> 00:09:58.310 align:middle line:84% It was his own book that he sought, 00:09:58.310 --> 00:10:00.980 align:middle line:84% and when the hand held it, he smiled 00:10:00.980 --> 00:10:04.610 align:middle line:84% at the familiar red cover that had for a long time 00:10:04.610 --> 00:10:06.185 align:middle line:90% been faded and scuffed. 00:10:06.185 --> 00:10:09.800 align:middle line:90% 00:10:09.800 --> 00:10:12.710 align:middle line:84% It hardly mattered to him that the book was forgotten 00:10:12.710 --> 00:10:15.110 align:middle line:90% and that it served no use. 00:10:15.110 --> 00:10:19.790 align:middle line:84% And the question of its worth at any time seemed almost trivial. 00:10:19.790 --> 00:10:22.790 align:middle line:84% He did not have the illusion that he would find himself 00:10:22.790 --> 00:10:26.450 align:middle line:84% there in that fading print, and yet he 00:10:26.450 --> 00:10:29.870 align:middle line:84% knew a small part of him that he could not deny 00:10:29.870 --> 00:10:34.010 align:middle line:90% was there and would be there. 00:10:34.010 --> 00:10:40.820 align:middle line:84% He opened the book, and as he did so, it became not his own. 00:10:40.820 --> 00:10:43.070 align:middle line:84% He let his fingers riffle through the pages, 00:10:43.070 --> 00:10:47.180 align:middle line:84% and felt a tingling as if those pages were alive. 00:10:47.180 --> 00:10:49.310 align:middle line:84% The tingling came through his fingers 00:10:49.310 --> 00:10:51.740 align:middle line:84% and coursed through his flesh and bone. 00:10:51.740 --> 00:10:54.230 align:middle line:84% He was minutely aware of it, and he 00:10:54.230 --> 00:10:58.940 align:middle line:84% waited until it contained him, until the old excitement that 00:10:58.940 --> 00:11:03.110 align:middle line:84% was like terror fixed him where he lay. 00:11:03.110 --> 00:11:07.070 align:middle line:84% The sunlight, passing his window, shone upon the page, 00:11:07.070 --> 00:11:10.910 align:middle line:84% and he could not see what was written there. 00:11:10.910 --> 00:11:14.270 align:middle line:84% The fingers loosened, and the book they had held 00:11:14.270 --> 00:11:19.520 align:middle line:84% moved slowly, and then swiftly, across the still body, 00:11:19.520 --> 00:11:24.340 align:middle line:84% and fell into the silence of the room." 00:11:24.340 --> 00:11:25.000 align:middle line:90%