WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:07.080 align:middle line:90% 00:00:07.080 --> 00:00:09.210 align:middle line:84% --The Linguistics Department, she 00:00:09.210 --> 00:00:11.490 align:middle line:84% has been head of the American Indian Studies 00:00:11.490 --> 00:00:13.320 align:middle line:84% program for the last several years, 00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:18.100 align:middle line:84% and has recently been relieved of that burden. 00:00:18.100 --> 00:00:22.520 align:middle line:84% She has done research and writing in a number of areas. 00:00:22.520 --> 00:00:26.560 align:middle line:84% She has done a lot of work in linguistics 00:00:26.560 --> 00:00:30.100 align:middle line:84% on her native Tohono O'odham language. 00:00:30.100 --> 00:00:32.710 align:middle line:84% And in that connection, has published 00:00:32.710 --> 00:00:37.990 align:middle line:84% a grammar and several other essential publications. 00:00:37.990 --> 00:00:43.480 align:middle line:84% She's also instrumental in working out the Tohono O'odham 00:00:43.480 --> 00:00:48.330 align:middle line:90% language policy for the tribe. 00:00:48.330 --> 00:00:52.980 align:middle line:84% As well as she's conducted an oral history project 00:00:52.980 --> 00:00:54.540 align:middle line:90% with the Sand Papago people. 00:00:54.540 --> 00:00:57.110 align:middle line:90% 00:00:57.110 --> 00:01:01.070 align:middle line:84% Her other side has been busy doing creative writing 00:01:01.070 --> 00:01:01.970 align:middle line:90% during this time. 00:01:01.970 --> 00:01:04.190 align:middle line:84% And I'd like to mention a few things 00:01:04.190 --> 00:01:05.930 align:middle line:90% that she's done in that area. 00:01:05.930 --> 00:01:09.970 align:middle line:84% Early on she organized, so far as I 00:01:09.970 --> 00:01:11.455 align:middle line:90% know, the first poetry reading. 00:01:11.455 --> 00:01:12.830 align:middle line:84% We were talking about this today. 00:01:12.830 --> 00:01:16.360 align:middle line:84% So far as we know, the first poetry reading in O'odham, 00:01:16.360 --> 00:01:22.300 align:middle line:84% when the book she edited, Hekid mat o ju, 00:01:22.300 --> 00:01:26.530 align:middle line:84% When It Rains was published in 1982 by the University 00:01:26.530 --> 00:01:27.640 align:middle line:90% of Arizona Press. 00:01:27.640 --> 00:01:31.810 align:middle line:84% On the occasion of the publication of that book, 00:01:31.810 --> 00:01:34.480 align:middle line:84% people filled up the tribal council chambers 00:01:34.480 --> 00:01:38.500 align:middle line:84% out at Sells and the first O'odham poetry reading 00:01:38.500 --> 00:01:41.590 align:middle line:90% was held very successfully. 00:01:41.590 --> 00:01:46.090 align:middle line:84% Since that time, she's been writing poems and essays 00:01:46.090 --> 00:01:49.540 align:middle line:84% and publishing regularly, both in her native language 00:01:49.540 --> 00:01:51.400 align:middle line:90% and in English. 00:01:51.400 --> 00:01:55.567 align:middle line:84% So I think without further ado, I'll turn this over to Ofelia. 00:01:55.567 --> 00:01:56.650 align:middle line:90% Let's give her a big hand. 00:01:56.650 --> 00:01:59.638 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:01:59.638 --> 00:02:15.600 align:middle line:90% 00:02:15.600 --> 00:02:20.260 align:middle line:84% It's my pleasure to be here this evening. 00:02:20.260 --> 00:02:28.060 align:middle line:84% Certainly, I welcome the opportunity to substitute 00:02:28.060 --> 00:02:31.452 align:middle line:90% for Victor Masiyiwa. 00:02:31.452 --> 00:02:33.160 align:middle line:84% And also, of course, it's been a pleasure 00:02:33.160 --> 00:02:37.150 align:middle line:84% working with the whole arrangement 00:02:37.150 --> 00:02:38.410 align:middle line:90% of this particular series. 00:02:38.410 --> 00:02:41.560 align:middle line:90% 00:02:41.560 --> 00:02:45.640 align:middle line:84% As Larry mentioned, I do do a variety of things, 00:02:45.640 --> 00:02:49.750 align:middle line:84% initially stemming from my experience in, first of all, 00:02:49.750 --> 00:02:52.750 align:middle line:90% the field of linguistics. 00:02:52.750 --> 00:02:55.540 align:middle line:84% The literature part is sort of a, for me at least, 00:02:55.540 --> 00:02:57.760 align:middle line:84% an extension of that whole activity, 00:02:57.760 --> 00:03:04.250 align:middle line:84% as I view the language study as sort of a holistic experience. 00:03:04.250 --> 00:03:10.310 align:middle line:84% And I know other people will agree with that notion. 00:03:10.310 --> 00:03:13.120 align:middle line:84% So I'm certainly grateful to my home department, the Department 00:03:13.120 --> 00:03:16.240 align:middle line:84% of Linguistics, for being a department that 00:03:16.240 --> 00:03:19.510 align:middle line:84% allows me this freedom to participate 00:03:19.510 --> 00:03:24.760 align:middle line:84% in this other academic activities. 00:03:24.760 --> 00:03:29.500 align:middle line:84% As Larry mentioned, I do do other work with my tribe 00:03:29.500 --> 00:03:33.730 align:middle line:84% and I'm very conscious of the language 00:03:33.730 --> 00:03:37.060 align:middle line:84% issue for my tribe in particular and, of course, 00:03:37.060 --> 00:03:42.310 align:middle line:84% other American Indian linguistic groups in the nation, 00:03:42.310 --> 00:03:44.920 align:middle line:90% and particularly in Arizona. 00:03:44.920 --> 00:03:48.590 align:middle line:84% Some of the pieces that I'll be reading tonight, 00:03:48.590 --> 00:03:49.910 align:middle line:90% I already know them. 00:03:49.910 --> 00:03:52.810 align:middle line:84% Some of them have what I like to call 00:03:52.810 --> 00:03:57.370 align:middle line:84% English versions of the O'odham text, some are in O'odham only, 00:03:57.370 --> 00:03:58.900 align:middle line:90% some are in English only. 00:03:58.900 --> 00:04:01.420 align:middle line:90% 00:04:01.420 --> 00:04:08.800 align:middle line:84% I feel that it's important to create that kind of literature 00:04:08.800 --> 00:04:12.040 align:middle line:84% in the language first, primarily for our speakers. 00:04:12.040 --> 00:04:16.209 align:middle line:84% And that is the audience that I started writing for initially. 00:04:16.209 --> 00:04:18.490 align:middle line:84% So when you hear the O'odham spoken, 00:04:18.490 --> 00:04:25.900 align:middle line:84% I simply ask that you listen to the rhythm 00:04:25.900 --> 00:04:29.770 align:middle line:84% and to the words of that language. 00:04:29.770 --> 00:04:35.410 align:middle line:84% The first piece I have here is in English. 00:04:35.410 --> 00:04:37.600 align:middle line:84% This one was created in English first 00:04:37.600 --> 00:04:43.150 align:middle line:84% and I have not gotten around to producing an O'odham 00:04:43.150 --> 00:04:45.970 align:middle line:90% text at all. 00:04:45.970 --> 00:04:50.410 align:middle line:84% And when I start reading, the first couple of pieces 00:04:50.410 --> 00:04:53.500 align:middle line:84% are going to sort of give a basis for where 00:04:53.500 --> 00:04:57.610 align:middle line:84% I'm from, and in particular, the community that's 00:04:57.610 --> 00:05:01.960 align:middle line:84% most important to me, and that is my family. 00:05:01.960 --> 00:05:06.610 align:middle line:84% And in the end, I think I will end with my family also. 00:05:06.610 --> 00:05:10.060 align:middle line:84% This one is about my mother, and it's 00:05:10.060 --> 00:05:11.635 align:middle line:90% called, "Bury Me With a Band." 00:05:11.635 --> 00:05:15.610 align:middle line:90% 00:05:15.610 --> 00:05:21.130 align:middle line:84% "My mother used to say, 'Bury me with a band,' and I'd say, 00:05:21.130 --> 00:05:25.900 align:middle line:84% 'I don't think the grave would be big enough,' instead we 00:05:25.900 --> 00:05:30.500 align:middle line:84% buried her with creosote bushes and a few worldly belongings, 00:05:30.500 --> 00:05:34.900 align:middle line:84% the creosote is for dusting her footprints away as she leaves, 00:05:34.900 --> 00:05:38.170 align:middle line:84% it's for keeping the worldly Earth away from her sacred 00:05:38.170 --> 00:05:42.940 align:middle line:84% remains, it's for leaving the smell of the desert with her, 00:05:42.940 --> 00:05:48.020 align:middle line:84% it is a reminder of her home one last time." 00:05:48.020 --> 00:05:51.670 align:middle line:84% So, I no longer have my mother, I still have my father. 00:05:51.670 --> 00:05:54.850 align:middle line:84% And my father, but this other piece 00:05:54.850 --> 00:06:00.140 align:middle line:84% sort of comes from him and other women that he knew. 00:06:00.140 --> 00:06:02.530 align:middle line:84% But these are women in his dreams. 00:06:02.530 --> 00:06:07.000 align:middle line:84% This piece ends with something that my father told me 00:06:07.000 --> 00:06:08.290 align:middle line:90% once that he dreamed about. 00:06:08.290 --> 00:06:13.180 align:middle line:84% And he dreamed about some women exiting a car 00:06:13.180 --> 00:06:14.800 align:middle line:90% at the end of a street. 00:06:14.800 --> 00:06:18.340 align:middle line:84% And he said, "I saw the woman come out of the car 00:06:18.340 --> 00:06:20.230 align:middle line:90% and she was very tall. 00:06:20.230 --> 00:06:24.700 align:middle line:84% She seemed to sort of unfold as she came out of the car 00:06:24.700 --> 00:06:26.020 align:middle line:90% and straightened up." 00:06:26.020 --> 00:06:27.940 align:middle line:84% And he said, "Right away I knew they 00:06:27.940 --> 00:06:31.450 align:middle line:84% were Yaqui women, because Yaqui women are very tall." 00:06:31.450 --> 00:06:34.360 align:middle line:84% I have yet to see a Yaqui woman that tall 00:06:34.360 --> 00:06:36.460 align:middle line:90% to unfold herself from a car. 00:06:36.460 --> 00:06:38.740 align:middle line:84% But anyway, so this kind of comes 00:06:38.740 --> 00:06:41.500 align:middle line:90% from him telling me dreams. 00:06:41.500 --> 00:06:45.340 align:middle line:84% And this one, as you will see her some of the minute. 00:06:45.340 --> 00:06:47.710 align:middle line:84% And the English title is "Pulling Down The Clouds." 00:06:47.710 --> 00:06:50.845 align:middle line:90% 00:06:50.845 --> 00:06:52.345 align:middle line:84% "Ñ ku ibaḍkaj 'ant 'an ols g cewagǐ. 00:06:52.345 --> 00:06:55.540 align:middle line:90% 00:06:55.540 --> 00:06:59.815 align:middle line:84% With my harvesting stick, I will hook the clouds. 00:06:59.815 --> 00:07:03.700 align:middle line:84% 'Ant o'i waññ'io k o 'i hudiñ g cewagǐ. 00:07:03.700 --> 00:07:08.378 align:middle line:84% With my harvesting stick, I will pull down the clouds. 00:07:08.378 --> 00:07:09.920 align:middle line:84% Ñ ku'ibadkaj 'ant o 'i siho g cewagǐ. 00:07:09.920 --> 00:07:13.000 align:middle line:90% 00:07:13.000 --> 00:07:18.250 align:middle line:84% With my harvesting stick, I will stir the clouds, 00:07:18.250 --> 00:07:20.980 align:middle line:84% with dreams of distant noise disturbing 00:07:20.980 --> 00:07:26.230 align:middle line:84% his sleep, the smell of dirt wet for the first time in what 00:07:26.230 --> 00:07:31.030 align:middle line:84% seemed like months, the change in the molecules is sudden, 00:07:31.030 --> 00:07:33.880 align:middle line:90% they enter the nasal cavity 00:07:33.880 --> 00:07:39.170 align:middle line:84% He contemplates that smell, what is that smell? 00:07:39.170 --> 00:07:44.670 align:middle line:84% It is rain, rain somewhere out in the desert 00:07:44.670 --> 00:07:48.870 align:middle line:84% comforted in this knowledge, he turns over and continues 00:07:48.870 --> 00:07:53.370 align:middle line:84% his sleep, dreams of women with harvesting 00:07:53.370 --> 00:07:57.760 align:middle line:90% sticks raised towards the sky." 00:07:57.760 --> 00:08:01.320 align:middle line:84% So, sort of part of my father's dream. 00:08:01.320 --> 00:08:04.710 align:middle line:84% Then also a part of my father's own activity sort 00:08:04.710 --> 00:08:08.790 align:middle line:84% of fits in this one that was published 00:08:08.790 --> 00:08:14.370 align:middle line:84% in our little collection of "O'odham and Pima Poems." 00:08:14.370 --> 00:08:19.170 align:middle line:84% Actually, the two of them that talk about rain, 00:08:19.170 --> 00:08:24.570 align:middle line:84% as it seems to be sort of an important topic for the people. 00:08:24.570 --> 00:08:27.210 align:middle line:84% I don't know whether it's because we have so little of it 00:08:27.210 --> 00:08:33.990 align:middle line:84% or because it's really striking when you finally do get it. 00:08:33.990 --> 00:08:38.370 align:middle line:84% But anyway, this is the one that's called "The O'odham." 00:08:38.370 --> 00:08:43.220 align:middle line:90% "Gan 'at 'i 'e-ju: g taṣ ga 'at hu 'i hihi g cewagĭ' 00:08:43.570 --> 00:08:47.520 align:middle line:90% ṣa'i si s-to:ta ṣa'i si ge'egḍaj 00:08:47.570 --> 00:08:51.520 align:middle line:90% 'ac 'ia daḍhă c ñenda g ju:kĭ 00:08:51.570 --> 00:08:57.520 align:middle line:90% 'Ab 'o hihim g cewagĭ 'u'ua 'o g ju:kĭ 00:08:57.570 --> 00:09:04.520 align:middle line:90% ḍ 'o 'Kaij Cukalig Maṣad' An 'ac u:gk ha'icu ñeid c ñenda g ju:kĭ 00:09:04.570 --> 00:09:10.520 align:middle line:90% 'Ab 'o hihim g cewagĭ s-ap 'o u:wĭ g ju:kĭ 00:09:10.570 --> 00:09:16.520 align:middle line:90% s-hewog 'o g hewel s-ap 'ac tahadag c 'ia ñenda g ju:kĭ 00:09:16.570 --> 00:09:22.520 align:middle line:90% 'Ab 'o hihim g cewagĭ 'an 'at 'aṣ bi:bij g cewagĭ 00:09:22.570 --> 00:09:27.520 align:middle line:90% pi 'atkĭ o ṣa'i ju: t 'iatokĭ 'at g cewagĭ 00:09:27.570 --> 00:09:31.520 align:middle line:90% ḍ 'ac 'O'odham c 'ia daḍhă c ñenda g ju:kĭ 00:09:34.220 --> 00:09:37.130 align:middle line:84% The sun has moved a bit that way. 00:09:37.130 --> 00:09:39.410 align:middle line:84% Here come the clouds, they are so very 00:09:39.410 --> 00:09:44.000 align:middle line:84% white, they are so very big as we sit here and wait 00:09:44.000 --> 00:09:47.390 align:middle line:84% for the rain, here come the clouds, 00:09:47.390 --> 00:09:51.650 align:middle line:84% they are carrying the rain that is the seed blackening month, 00:09:51.650 --> 00:09:55.970 align:middle line:84% as we look up in the sky and wait for the rain, 00:09:55.970 --> 00:09:59.240 align:middle line:84% here come the clouds, the rain smells good, 00:09:59.240 --> 00:10:03.080 align:middle line:84% the breeze is refreshingly cool, we feel 00:10:03.080 --> 00:10:06.650 align:middle line:90% happy as we wait for the rain 00:10:06.650 --> 00:10:12.030 align:middle line:84% Here come the clouds, the clouds have just gone by, 00:10:12.030 --> 00:10:18.380 align:middle line:84% it's not going to rain, clouds have lied to us. 00:10:18.380 --> 00:10:23.760 align:middle line:84% We are the O'odham, we sit here and wait for the rain." 00:10:23.760 --> 00:10:26.500 align:middle line:84% But actually that's not true, O'odham people do everything 00:10:26.500 --> 00:10:29.200 align:middle line:84% to make the rain come, they just don't sit. 00:10:29.200 --> 00:10:33.100 align:middle line:84% But it sounded better if they sat around and waited, so. 00:10:33.100 --> 00:10:35.650 align:middle line:90% 00:10:35.650 --> 00:10:40.700 align:middle line:84% This next one is a story, and it is not my story. 00:10:40.700 --> 00:10:43.390 align:middle line:84% It's a story that I've been working on for some-- 00:10:43.390 --> 00:10:46.780 align:middle line:84% gosh, I think it's going on 10 years. 00:10:46.780 --> 00:10:48.880 align:middle line:84% I first saw this manuscript when I first 00:10:48.880 --> 00:10:52.390 align:middle line:84% came here to the University as an undergraduate student. 00:10:52.390 --> 00:10:55.840 align:middle line:84% And it was handed over to me and told 00:10:55.840 --> 00:10:58.300 align:middle line:84% to think about translating it into English. 00:10:58.300 --> 00:11:01.720 align:middle line:84% And I started, and it's a very difficult text 00:11:01.720 --> 00:11:04.240 align:middle line:90% and I have not finished it yet. 00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:07.630 align:middle line:84% And it seems that the people who know this text 00:11:07.630 --> 00:11:10.780 align:middle line:84% understand why I have not finished it yet. 00:11:10.780 --> 00:11:13.120 align:middle line:90% But I intend to finish it. 00:11:13.120 --> 00:11:14.380 align:middle line:90% And here's a piece of it. 00:11:14.380 --> 00:11:19.900 align:middle line:84% The story is originally told by a medicine man from Sil Nakya. 00:11:19.900 --> 00:11:23.980 align:middle line:84% And was collected by Bernard Fontana 00:11:23.980 --> 00:11:26.140 align:middle line:84% here at the University of Arizona 00:11:26.140 --> 00:11:30.400 align:middle line:84% in the late 60s, early 70s as part of the Arizona State 00:11:30.400 --> 00:11:33.430 align:middle line:90% museum's archive collection. 00:11:33.430 --> 00:11:37.720 align:middle line:84% And it was transcribed by Mr. Albert Alvarez, another O'odham 00:11:37.720 --> 00:11:38.410 align:middle line:90% linguist. 00:11:38.410 --> 00:11:40.600 align:middle line:84% And then I'm the third or fourth person 00:11:40.600 --> 00:11:42.760 align:middle line:84% on the line handling this particular text. 00:11:42.760 --> 00:11:47.180 align:middle line:84% So it has a long interesting history. 00:11:47.180 --> 00:11:51.310 align:middle line:84% A piece of it was published in the volume South 00:11:51.310 --> 00:11:55.400 align:middle line:84% corner of time, some of you may know it. 00:11:55.400 --> 00:11:59.060 align:middle line:84% But anyway, this is a part of that text as well. 00:11:59.060 --> 00:12:02.770 align:middle line:84% And I chose this piece because it is a story that 00:12:02.770 --> 00:12:04.690 align:middle line:90% has somewhat of a beginning. 00:12:04.690 --> 00:12:08.500 align:middle line:84% However, I don't end it because it will be too long 00:12:08.500 --> 00:12:12.650 align:middle line:84% but I will sort of give you an idea of how it ends. 00:12:12.650 --> 00:12:17.650 align:middle line:84% And as I say, I'm still working on it at this time. 00:12:17.650 --> 00:12:20.560 align:middle line:84% And it doesn't have a title because it's not 00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:24.730 align:middle line:84% a piece by itself, it's a part of other stories 00:12:24.730 --> 00:12:29.710 align:middle line:84% within this large, long, four-nights telling of O'odham 00:12:29.710 --> 00:12:31.900 align:middle line:90% text. 00:12:31.900 --> 00:12:33.265 align:middle line:90% But it starts this way. 00:12:33.265 --> 00:12:36.910 align:middle line:90% 00:12:36.910 --> 00:12:39.370 align:middle line:84% "This is the way it happened for one person. 00:12:39.370 --> 00:12:43.570 align:middle line:84% I don't know how old he was, this boy, what kind of person 00:12:43.570 --> 00:12:45.310 align:middle line:90% he was. 00:12:45.310 --> 00:12:49.600 align:middle line:84% It happened that he had a wife, they lived here, however, 00:12:49.600 --> 00:12:52.690 align:middle line:84% it was that they managed to live here. 00:12:52.690 --> 00:12:55.840 align:middle line:84% And after a while, these two had a child. 00:12:55.840 --> 00:12:57.970 align:middle line:84% And then something happened to the girl 00:12:57.970 --> 00:13:00.220 align:middle line:90% when the baby was still little. 00:13:00.220 --> 00:13:03.910 align:middle line:90% The girl died and she changed. 00:13:03.910 --> 00:13:07.300 align:middle line:84% After four days had passed, she did not come back, 00:13:07.300 --> 00:13:08.800 align:middle line:90% and yet there was no-- 00:13:08.800 --> 00:13:10.660 align:middle line:84% and yet there was one who was a medicine 00:13:10.660 --> 00:13:14.980 align:middle line:84% man who tried to tell the boy to go and get the baby's mother 00:13:14.980 --> 00:13:15.820 align:middle line:90% back. 00:13:15.820 --> 00:13:18.400 align:middle line:84% For he had been listening to it and the only sound 00:13:18.400 --> 00:13:20.540 align:middle line:90% the baby made was crying. 00:13:20.540 --> 00:13:24.070 align:middle line:84% It was always crying, all day, all night, sometimes it 00:13:24.070 --> 00:13:25.870 align:middle line:90% would sleep for a little while. 00:13:25.870 --> 00:13:28.000 align:middle line:84% And yet it was such unlike nowadays 00:13:28.000 --> 00:13:30.910 align:middle line:84% that when one has a baby, it survives only 00:13:30.910 --> 00:13:34.810 align:middle line:84% by the milk it circles from its mother, and only with that, 00:13:34.810 --> 00:13:37.270 align:middle line:90% will the baby be satisfied. 00:13:37.270 --> 00:13:39.310 align:middle line:84% The medicine man tried to tell the boy 00:13:39.310 --> 00:13:43.150 align:middle line:84% that if he was able to go and get the baby his mother. 00:13:43.150 --> 00:13:46.060 align:middle line:84% That way the baby would not be going through all of this, 00:13:46.060 --> 00:13:48.490 align:middle line:84% he would not be carrying on so he would not be 00:13:48.490 --> 00:13:51.790 align:middle line:90% crying all day and all night. 00:13:51.790 --> 00:13:56.690 align:middle line:84% This is what he was saying as he told the boy what to do. 00:13:56.690 --> 00:13:58.810 align:middle line:84% There are things all around here, 00:13:58.810 --> 00:14:01.930 align:middle line:84% around the mountains, all around this land, all around 00:14:01.930 --> 00:14:03.490 align:middle line:90% where the people live. 00:14:03.490 --> 00:14:06.400 align:middle line:84% And then there are these things, our foods, 00:14:06.400 --> 00:14:09.580 align:middle line:84% we know how they are supposed to behave. 00:14:09.580 --> 00:14:13.270 align:middle line:84% Like this thing we call the packrat. 00:14:13.270 --> 00:14:15.910 align:middle line:84% Whenever we killed the pack rat for food, 00:14:15.910 --> 00:14:18.230 align:middle line:84% we leave it there and for four days, 00:14:18.230 --> 00:14:21.820 align:middle line:84% after which it returns to its home, the place where 00:14:21.820 --> 00:14:23.810 align:middle line:90% we killed it. 00:14:23.810 --> 00:14:28.090 align:middle line:84% This is the way it's supposed to be for all of us. 00:14:28.090 --> 00:14:30.440 align:middle line:84% The boy did what he was told to do, 00:14:30.440 --> 00:14:34.330 align:middle line:84% he went and found this packrat and told him. 00:14:34.330 --> 00:14:36.850 align:middle line:84% At first he did not say it directly 00:14:36.850 --> 00:14:40.540 align:middle line:84% because he did not like the idea of going through with it. 00:14:40.540 --> 00:14:44.440 align:middle line:84% He also knew that it was a very far place, this place where 00:14:44.440 --> 00:14:46.690 align:middle line:90% the dead go. 00:14:46.690 --> 00:14:50.200 align:middle line:84% He finally just broke down and he begged. 00:14:50.200 --> 00:14:53.530 align:middle line:84% And even though he was a boy, he could not help himself 00:14:53.530 --> 00:14:56.590 align:middle line:90% and tears started to fall. 00:14:56.590 --> 00:14:59.840 align:middle line:84% Upon seeing him like this, the packrat said, 00:14:59.840 --> 00:15:03.910 align:middle line:84% 'I guess I'll do it, I'll see what I can do.' 00:15:03.910 --> 00:15:07.870 align:middle line:84% So he told him in the same manner as I am telling you now, 00:15:07.870 --> 00:15:11.770 align:middle line:84% he told him, 'This thing about the four days 00:15:11.770 --> 00:15:13.640 align:middle line:90% is very important. 00:15:13.640 --> 00:15:16.000 align:middle line:84% This is how many days we should wait, 00:15:16.000 --> 00:15:19.120 align:middle line:84% this is how many days the people should tell us to wait whenever 00:15:19.120 --> 00:15:21.770 align:middle line:90% they want us to do something.' 00:15:21.770 --> 00:15:24.760 align:middle line:84% And so he told him, 'Wait for me for four days, 00:15:24.760 --> 00:15:28.540 align:middle line:84% and when days have passed, I will come there to your place. 00:15:28.540 --> 00:15:31.960 align:middle line:84% It will be on the evening of the fourth day in the night. 00:15:31.960 --> 00:15:36.850 align:middle line:84% Then will be a fine time for us to leave and go look for her.' 00:15:36.850 --> 00:15:38.380 align:middle line:90% And so he waited. 00:15:38.380 --> 00:15:41.590 align:middle line:84% Finally he came and he asked him, 'Are you prepared? 00:15:41.590 --> 00:15:42.880 align:middle line:90% We shall go.' 00:15:42.880 --> 00:15:45.010 align:middle line:84% The boy said, 'Yes, we are ready.' 00:15:45.010 --> 00:15:47.350 align:middle line:90% He took his child. 00:15:47.350 --> 00:15:50.080 align:middle line:84% The packrat started to run and he followed him. 00:15:50.080 --> 00:15:51.820 align:middle line:84% When he would run too far ahead, he 00:15:51.820 --> 00:15:54.070 align:middle line:84% would stop until he caught up with him. 00:15:54.070 --> 00:15:56.050 align:middle line:90% This is the way they went. 00:15:56.050 --> 00:15:58.270 align:middle line:90% When evening came, they slept. 00:15:58.270 --> 00:16:01.840 align:middle line:84% They slept four times and they finally reached the place 00:16:01.840 --> 00:16:04.560 align:middle line:90% where these people were. 00:16:04.560 --> 00:16:08.430 align:middle line:84% There were all our grandfathers and all our grandmothers 00:16:08.430 --> 00:16:11.010 align:middle line:90% and all our relations are. 00:16:11.010 --> 00:16:14.340 align:middle line:84% They arrived there just as the sun was setting. 00:16:14.340 --> 00:16:17.880 align:middle line:84% In a certain place he put them and he told them to stay there, 00:16:17.880 --> 00:16:21.600 align:middle line:84% 'I will go and see if she is around.' 00:16:21.600 --> 00:16:25.650 align:middle line:84% And so he went and as it is in the case, when people like this 00:16:25.650 --> 00:16:30.060 align:middle line:84% gather, this is the way people used to be long ago, 00:16:30.060 --> 00:16:33.090 align:middle line:84% they really like to do this thing, the celebrating 00:16:33.090 --> 00:16:34.950 align:middle line:90% and dancing and singing. 00:16:34.950 --> 00:16:38.550 align:middle line:84% They would sing all evening and all night long. 00:16:38.550 --> 00:16:40.770 align:middle line:90% There all the people gathered. 00:16:40.770 --> 00:16:44.520 align:middle line:84% The packrat stood among them and looked about for the girl 00:16:44.520 --> 00:16:46.290 align:middle line:90% that she might be among them. 00:16:46.290 --> 00:16:49.410 align:middle line:84% The people, though, were all carrying on and having a fun 00:16:49.410 --> 00:16:53.100 align:middle line:84% time, they were making noise and yelling. 00:16:53.100 --> 00:16:54.600 align:middle line:84% After a while, he couldn't see her 00:16:54.600 --> 00:16:57.450 align:middle line:84% so he continued on to where the people were doing the round 00:16:57.450 --> 00:16:58.380 align:middle line:90% dance. 00:16:58.380 --> 00:17:01.620 align:middle line:84% Again, he stood among them trying to spot the girl. 00:17:01.620 --> 00:17:03.540 align:middle line:90% Again, he did not see her. 00:17:03.540 --> 00:17:05.220 align:middle line:84% He went to another place where there was 00:17:05.220 --> 00:17:07.260 align:middle line:90% another round dance going on. 00:17:07.260 --> 00:17:09.630 align:middle line:84% He stood among them and looked about but, again, he 00:17:09.630 --> 00:17:11.700 align:middle line:90% did not see her. 00:17:11.700 --> 00:17:16.800 align:middle line:84% After a while, he found one of those who left long ago, 00:17:16.800 --> 00:17:19.859 align:middle line:90% or should I just say, the dead. 00:17:19.859 --> 00:17:23.640 align:middle line:84% And he said to him, 'Would you know the whereabouts of this 00:17:23.640 --> 00:17:24.810 align:middle line:90% person?' 00:17:24.810 --> 00:17:28.830 align:middle line:84% And the dead said, 'Yes, she is here among us. 00:17:28.830 --> 00:17:31.380 align:middle line:84% She must be around here somewhere.' 00:17:31.380 --> 00:17:34.050 align:middle line:84% And then he said, 'I will help you look and we'll find her, 00:17:34.050 --> 00:17:35.880 align:middle line:90% she is here.' 00:17:35.880 --> 00:17:37.770 align:middle line:84% And so they started walking and yet there 00:17:37.770 --> 00:17:40.020 align:middle line:90% was dancing going on all about. 00:17:40.020 --> 00:17:43.590 align:middle line:84% Suddenly he said, 'That's her, that one going by,' just as she 00:17:43.590 --> 00:17:44.700 align:middle line:90% walked by. 00:17:44.700 --> 00:17:47.880 align:middle line:84% And he said, 'Why don't you go and follow her and bring her 00:17:47.880 --> 00:17:50.310 align:middle line:90% to me, I want to talk to her.' 00:17:50.310 --> 00:17:55.200 align:middle line:84% So he went over and told her, 'Someone wants to see you.' 00:17:55.200 --> 00:17:57.690 align:middle line:84% In the meantime, over there where all the people were 00:17:57.690 --> 00:18:00.820 align:middle line:84% gathered, one of them kept saying, 00:18:00.820 --> 00:18:04.740 align:middle line:84% 'Why is there an odor of the living around here?' 00:18:04.740 --> 00:18:07.740 align:middle line:84% He said this as he looked around." 00:18:07.740 --> 00:18:09.660 align:middle line:84% I suppose the living have an odor 00:18:09.660 --> 00:18:12.420 align:middle line:90% just as the dead have an odor. 00:18:12.420 --> 00:18:14.700 align:middle line:84% "He took her over to where they were sitting 00:18:14.700 --> 00:18:18.060 align:middle line:84% and he said to her, 'We came here to get you. 00:18:18.060 --> 00:18:20.670 align:middle line:84% Hopefully you will feel pity for your child 00:18:20.670 --> 00:18:22.050 align:middle line:90% whom you left behind. 00:18:22.050 --> 00:18:26.040 align:middle line:84% Since you left, it has been like this, he won't stop crying, 00:18:26.040 --> 00:18:28.950 align:middle line:84% he cries all day and all night long. 00:18:28.950 --> 00:18:32.280 align:middle line:84% And he also doesn't know what to do to feed the baby so 00:18:32.280 --> 00:18:34.300 align:middle line:90% that it will be satisfied. 00:18:34.300 --> 00:18:36.400 align:middle line:90% Anyway, they are with me. 00:18:36.400 --> 00:18:38.010 align:middle line:90% They are sitting over there. 00:18:38.010 --> 00:18:41.790 align:middle line:84% Why don't you go over and see them and feed the baby.' 00:18:41.790 --> 00:18:44.010 align:middle line:84% He started to lead her by the hand 00:18:44.010 --> 00:18:46.830 align:middle line:84% but she was behaving in an odd manner, 00:18:46.830 --> 00:18:50.010 align:middle line:84% sort of like when one is either afraid of something 00:18:50.010 --> 00:18:51.660 align:middle line:90% or really excited. 00:18:51.660 --> 00:18:54.750 align:middle line:84% She was behaving like this as she heard the people dancing 00:18:54.750 --> 00:18:56.700 align:middle line:90% and enjoying themselves. 00:18:56.700 --> 00:19:00.980 align:middle line:84% As he was leading her away, she kept looking back. 00:19:00.980 --> 00:19:03.710 align:middle line:84% This is the way she walked until they reached that place where 00:19:03.710 --> 00:19:05.060 align:middle line:90% they were sitting. 00:19:05.060 --> 00:19:07.100 align:middle line:84% He tried to tell her to sit down so she 00:19:07.100 --> 00:19:09.260 align:middle line:90% could feed her baby properly. 00:19:09.260 --> 00:19:12.260 align:middle line:84% She refused to sit down, instead, she just took the baby 00:19:12.260 --> 00:19:14.300 align:middle line:84% and sort of cradled it in her arm 00:19:14.300 --> 00:19:17.240 align:middle line:84% and she did the same with the other. 00:19:17.240 --> 00:19:19.670 align:middle line:90% The baby finally stopped crying. 00:19:19.670 --> 00:19:22.190 align:middle line:84% He took her-- he told her that she 00:19:22.190 --> 00:19:24.590 align:middle line:90% was to return home with them. 00:19:24.590 --> 00:19:26.870 align:middle line:84% She said to them that they are to wait 00:19:26.870 --> 00:19:30.020 align:middle line:84% for her for a little while, and that she was going to back 00:19:30.020 --> 00:19:32.420 align:middle line:84% and-- going to go back and see those people for just 00:19:32.420 --> 00:19:33.980 align:middle line:90% a little while. 00:19:33.980 --> 00:19:37.850 align:middle line:84% Upon saying this, she handed the baby back to its father. 00:19:37.850 --> 00:19:41.630 align:middle line:84% She ran back and she went back in. 00:19:41.630 --> 00:19:44.840 align:middle line:84% They waited for her for a while and she did not return. 00:19:44.840 --> 00:19:47.870 align:middle line:84% He then went after her and caught up with her, again, 00:19:47.870 --> 00:19:49.670 align:middle line:90% it happened the same way. 00:19:49.670 --> 00:19:52.080 align:middle line:84% She came and fed the baby with her milk 00:19:52.080 --> 00:19:55.100 align:middle line:84% and, again, she said she would be right back. 00:19:55.100 --> 00:19:58.460 align:middle line:84% Again she did not return, again he went after her 00:19:58.460 --> 00:20:00.050 align:middle line:90% and brought her back. 00:20:00.050 --> 00:20:03.560 align:middle line:84% Three times this happen, he had to bring her back. 00:20:03.560 --> 00:20:06.080 align:middle line:84% Again, she fed the baby and said, 00:20:06.080 --> 00:20:08.150 align:middle line:84% 'I'm going to go see those people 00:20:08.150 --> 00:20:12.320 align:middle line:84% but this time I want to tell you that you start on your journey 00:20:12.320 --> 00:20:13.280 align:middle line:90% back. 00:20:13.280 --> 00:20:16.790 align:middle line:84% You start walking and wherever you make camp tonight, 00:20:16.790 --> 00:20:18.920 align:middle line:90% I will catch up with you. 00:20:18.920 --> 00:20:22.880 align:middle line:84% That's about when all of this dancing will be over.' 00:20:22.880 --> 00:20:26.240 align:middle line:90% This is what she said to them. 00:20:26.240 --> 00:20:29.480 align:middle line:84% 'Ask her if she really means what she says,' he said 00:20:29.480 --> 00:20:30.860 align:middle line:90% to the packrat. 00:20:30.860 --> 00:20:32.460 align:middle line:90% 'Yes, I'll ask her.' 00:20:32.460 --> 00:20:35.090 align:middle line:84% And so he asked her if she was truthful about coming 00:20:35.090 --> 00:20:36.620 align:middle line:90% and catching up with them. 00:20:36.620 --> 00:20:40.640 align:middle line:84% She responded, 'Yes, I will truthfully do for I-- 00:20:40.640 --> 00:20:44.090 align:middle line:84% do what I say for I really care about my baby.' 00:20:44.090 --> 00:20:46.670 align:middle line:84% So they started on their journey back. 00:20:46.670 --> 00:20:49.760 align:middle line:84% They walked for a short while when the pack rat said, 00:20:49.760 --> 00:20:53.000 align:middle line:84% 'We'll sleep here and we'll see what she does, if she 00:20:53.000 --> 00:20:54.660 align:middle line:90% will actually catch up with us. 00:20:54.660 --> 00:20:58.850 align:middle line:84% We will stay here overnight, and if she isn't here by tomorrow, 00:20:58.850 --> 00:21:00.990 align:middle line:90% we'll go back and find her.' 00:21:00.990 --> 00:21:06.200 align:middle line:84% They slept, this time the baby slept because it was satisfied. 00:21:06.200 --> 00:21:09.110 align:middle line:84% Whenever they had-- wherever they had arrived at the camp, 00:21:09.110 --> 00:21:11.900 align:middle line:84% it happened that sometimes happens when one 00:21:11.900 --> 00:21:14.570 align:middle line:90% dreams of the owl or whatever. 00:21:14.570 --> 00:21:17.930 align:middle line:84% And early in the morning, deep sleep will reach us, 00:21:17.930 --> 00:21:21.500 align:middle line:84% sometimes this also happens during the night. 00:21:21.500 --> 00:21:24.210 align:middle line:84% This happened as she caught up with them, 00:21:24.210 --> 00:21:26.540 align:middle line:90% they were camped and sleeping. 00:21:26.540 --> 00:21:30.470 align:middle line:84% She laid down next to him with her child in between them. 00:21:30.470 --> 00:21:33.680 align:middle line:84% At some point, the packrat woke up to see someone laying there 00:21:33.680 --> 00:21:37.280 align:middle line:84% and he thought to himself, 'It is true what she said.' 00:21:37.280 --> 00:21:41.390 align:middle line:84% And with this, the packrat's faith was renewed. 00:21:41.390 --> 00:21:46.160 align:middle line:84% He felt confident that he could now take them all home. 00:21:46.160 --> 00:21:51.560 align:middle line:84% Yet he recalled what she had said, 'Wherever you two sleep, 00:21:51.560 --> 00:21:53.810 align:middle line:84% I will catch up with you and in the morning 00:21:53.810 --> 00:21:56.730 align:middle line:84% you'll see me for just a little while, 00:21:56.730 --> 00:21:59.570 align:middle line:84% and then you leave on your journey. 00:21:59.570 --> 00:22:03.530 align:middle line:84% That evening, wherever you sleep, I'll catch up with you.' 00:22:03.530 --> 00:22:05.720 align:middle line:90% This is what she said. 00:22:05.720 --> 00:22:08.420 align:middle line:84% When morning came, she was not laying there, 00:22:08.420 --> 00:22:10.610 align:middle line:90% there was no woman laying there. 00:22:10.610 --> 00:22:14.570 align:middle line:90% That all was there was the down. 00:22:14.570 --> 00:22:18.560 align:middle line:84% This down was about so long, it laid there 00:22:18.560 --> 00:22:20.900 align:middle line:90% where the woman had laid. 00:22:20.900 --> 00:22:23.840 align:middle line:84% They saw this and started walking again, supposedly 00:22:23.840 --> 00:22:27.530 align:middle line:84% at some time, she had returned over there and once now 00:22:27.530 --> 00:22:30.770 align:middle line:84% carrying on with where all of that fun was. 00:22:30.770 --> 00:22:34.010 align:middle line:84% So they walked and walked and somewhere they slept. 00:22:34.010 --> 00:22:36.290 align:middle line:84% After some time, whenever the fun had stopped, 00:22:36.290 --> 00:22:38.270 align:middle line:90% she caught up with them again. 00:22:38.270 --> 00:22:40.130 align:middle line:84% And, again, the same thing happened. 00:22:40.130 --> 00:22:42.630 align:middle line:84% She laid down and nursed her baby, 00:22:42.630 --> 00:22:44.780 align:middle line:84% and, again, in the morning they saw her only 00:22:44.780 --> 00:22:48.530 align:middle line:84% as the down that was left laying where she had laid. 00:22:48.530 --> 00:22:52.640 align:middle line:84% Again, they started walking again and, again, they slept. 00:22:52.640 --> 00:22:56.360 align:middle line:84% She caught up with them, this time she was in human form, 00:22:56.360 --> 00:22:59.120 align:middle line:84% just within one night she became complete. 00:22:59.120 --> 00:23:03.920 align:middle line:84% She was now all there, she was alive. 00:23:03.920 --> 00:23:07.310 align:middle line:84% This is how it all went until four nights had passed. 00:23:07.310 --> 00:23:11.400 align:middle line:84% They continued their journey and finally arrived at their home. 00:23:11.400 --> 00:23:16.280 align:middle line:84% The baby was now alert and well since it had been nourished. 00:23:16.280 --> 00:23:20.240 align:middle line:84% And the packrat said, 'I have taken you over there 00:23:20.240 --> 00:23:24.050 align:middle line:84% and now I have safely brought you back to your home. 00:23:24.050 --> 00:23:26.270 align:middle line:84% But now I want to tell you, on this day 00:23:26.270 --> 00:23:28.940 align:middle line:84% that you must be careful for the next few days. 00:23:28.940 --> 00:23:33.350 align:middle line:84% You must be able to carry out all of my instructions.' 00:23:33.350 --> 00:23:35.660 align:middle line:84% He said, 'For the next four days, 00:23:35.660 --> 00:23:40.490 align:middle line:84% you must not come near her, you must lay way over there. 00:23:40.490 --> 00:23:42.290 align:middle line:84% After those four days end, there will 00:23:42.290 --> 00:23:44.780 align:middle line:90% be another set of four days. 00:23:44.780 --> 00:23:49.250 align:middle line:84% After three sets of four days have passed, that will be all.' 00:23:49.250 --> 00:23:54.080 align:middle line:84% So it happened, one set of four days ended, another began. 00:23:54.080 --> 00:23:57.860 align:middle line:84% Those then ended and he only had two more sets. 00:23:57.860 --> 00:24:00.140 align:middle line:84% He started the third set of four days, 00:24:00.140 --> 00:24:02.450 align:middle line:90% he completed the third set. 00:24:02.450 --> 00:24:07.220 align:middle line:84% The final week was left and she would finally become human. 00:24:07.220 --> 00:24:10.040 align:middle line:90% This final week started. 00:24:10.040 --> 00:24:13.790 align:middle line:84% As she lay there in her bedding, he just watched her. 00:24:13.790 --> 00:24:16.640 align:middle line:84% So it happened that she was coming back to normal 00:24:16.640 --> 00:24:20.270 align:middle line:84% and that she would be full being now. 00:24:20.270 --> 00:24:23.390 align:middle line:84% She went about gathering and preparing food 00:24:23.390 --> 00:24:25.700 align:middle line:84% and she was acting normally and asking for things 00:24:25.700 --> 00:24:27.770 align:middle line:90% she wanted in her home. 00:24:27.770 --> 00:24:32.820 align:middle line:84% The boy watched her change, he talked with her. 00:24:32.820 --> 00:24:35.840 align:middle line:84% In fact, he had really missed talking with her. 00:24:35.840 --> 00:24:38.240 align:middle line:84% After all this time, it was so good to have all 00:24:38.240 --> 00:24:40.760 align:middle line:90% these conversations with her. 00:24:40.760 --> 00:24:46.000 align:middle line:84% It was now the third night of the last set of four days. 00:24:46.000 --> 00:24:50.950 align:middle line:84% After the fourth day, the prescribed time would be over. 00:24:50.950 --> 00:24:54.100 align:middle line:84% But the boy could not stand it any longer. 00:24:54.100 --> 00:24:56.950 align:middle line:84% It happened as it would when a man desires 00:24:56.950 --> 00:25:01.720 align:middle line:84% a woman, that he might approach her as she lay sleeping. 00:25:01.720 --> 00:25:04.750 align:middle line:84% He took her in his arms and he touched her. 00:25:04.750 --> 00:25:08.800 align:middle line:84% It seemed as if he had to hold her as tightly as he could. 00:25:08.800 --> 00:25:12.190 align:middle line:84% He held her and would not let her go. 00:25:12.190 --> 00:25:14.830 align:middle line:84% And all of a sudden she made an odd noise, 00:25:14.830 --> 00:25:17.140 align:middle line:84% she made the noise with the type of voice 00:25:17.140 --> 00:25:19.660 align:middle line:84% she had when she was with the dead. 00:25:19.660 --> 00:25:22.150 align:middle line:84% She made this odd noise and flew from him 00:25:22.150 --> 00:25:24.710 align:middle line:84% and landed at the top of the doorway. 00:25:24.710 --> 00:25:26.920 align:middle line:90% She became an owl. 00:25:26.920 --> 00:25:28.780 align:middle line:90% That is what happened. 00:25:28.780 --> 00:25:32.470 align:middle line:84% She flew over by the doorway and perched herself there. 00:25:32.470 --> 00:25:35.290 align:middle line:84% Her husband ran after her but she made that odd noise 00:25:35.290 --> 00:25:38.890 align:middle line:84% and escaped out the door and flew away. 00:25:38.890 --> 00:25:41.260 align:middle line:90% Again, her baby started crying. 00:25:41.260 --> 00:25:43.450 align:middle line:84% Immediately he went over to see the packrat 00:25:43.450 --> 00:25:45.400 align:middle line:84% but this time the packrat said he would not 00:25:45.400 --> 00:25:47.530 align:middle line:90% be able to go after her. 00:25:47.530 --> 00:25:50.530 align:middle line:84% 'I warned you, I told you how you were to take care 00:25:50.530 --> 00:25:53.680 align:middle line:84% of the whole thing, how to protect yourself,' he said 00:25:53.680 --> 00:25:54.970 align:middle line:90% to the boy. 00:25:54.970 --> 00:25:56.980 align:middle line:90% But the boy pleaded with him. 00:25:56.980 --> 00:26:00.910 align:middle line:84% 'If you would have some pity on me and do this for me and go 00:26:00.910 --> 00:26:02.720 align:middle line:90% get her again. 00:26:02.720 --> 00:26:05.170 align:middle line:84% This time I will be more careful, 00:26:05.170 --> 00:26:07.540 align:middle line:84% this time I will take care of myself." 00:26:07.540 --> 00:26:10.160 align:middle line:90% 00:26:10.160 --> 00:26:13.940 align:middle line:90% So I kind of stop that there. 00:26:13.940 --> 00:26:18.410 align:middle line:84% What happens basically is she does stay with the dead 00:26:18.410 --> 00:26:19.760 align:middle line:90% and he is still living. 00:26:19.760 --> 00:26:22.610 align:middle line:84% And what ensues I think is what is sort of 00:26:22.610 --> 00:26:28.460 align:middle line:84% like a custody battle for the child between the dead 00:26:28.460 --> 00:26:30.590 align:middle line:90% and the living. 00:26:30.590 --> 00:26:32.960 align:middle line:84% And it's a very interesting story 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:36.800 align:middle line:90% but it's quite long in a way. 00:26:36.800 --> 00:26:41.060 align:middle line:84% OK, something a little bit more lighter here. 00:26:41.060 --> 00:26:43.820 align:middle line:90% This little piece was-- 00:26:43.820 --> 00:26:48.110 align:middle line:84% I did along with some of my students several summers ago, 00:26:48.110 --> 00:26:49.595 align:middle line:90% up at Arizona State University. 00:26:49.595 --> 00:26:53.430 align:middle line:84% We were writing about plants and so forth. 00:26:53.430 --> 00:26:55.850 align:middle line:84% And one of the plants that we were looking at the time 00:26:55.850 --> 00:26:59.450 align:middle line:84% was the tumbleweed or the Russian thistle 00:26:59.450 --> 00:27:02.240 align:middle line:90% or the Russian tumbleweed. 00:27:02.240 --> 00:27:05.000 align:middle line:84% And this one's called, "People On Wayward Journeys." 00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:07.850 align:middle line:90% 00:27:07.850 --> 00:27:11.480 align:middle line:84% "They have no use for traffic lights or crosswalks, 00:27:11.480 --> 00:27:13.970 align:middle line:84% they take fate into their own hands 00:27:13.970 --> 00:27:17.690 align:middle line:84% and roll across streets in Chandler, Mesa, Coolidge, 00:27:17.690 --> 00:27:22.370 align:middle line:84% and other cotton field infested towns, many become traffic 00:27:22.370 --> 00:27:26.270 align:middle line:84% statistics under the wheels of Ford pickup trucks, 00:27:26.270 --> 00:27:30.650 align:middle line:84% luckier ones become temporary hood ornaments and additions 00:27:30.650 --> 00:27:32.640 align:middle line:90% to car grills. 00:27:32.640 --> 00:27:36.080 align:middle line:84% They make trails across the desert to the reservations, 00:27:36.080 --> 00:27:40.550 align:middle line:84% they know no boundaries, they journey from village to village 00:27:40.550 --> 00:27:45.050 align:middle line:84% as if going for visits over coffee, on Saturday afternoon, 00:27:45.050 --> 00:27:50.690 align:middle line:84% they roll early into the village dance, semi-invited guests. 00:27:50.690 --> 00:27:54.530 align:middle line:84% At night, the meeting place is along the horse corrals, 00:27:54.530 --> 00:27:58.400 align:middle line:84% there most meet their destiny, a few lucky ones 00:27:58.400 --> 00:28:02.030 align:middle line:84% will have the winds to set them free to continue 00:28:02.030 --> 00:28:07.190 align:middle line:84% their wayward journey, origins unknown, destinations unclear." 00:28:07.190 --> 00:28:16.040 align:middle line:90% 00:28:16.040 --> 00:28:20.210 align:middle line:84% This one also-- as I will have some 00:28:20.210 --> 00:28:25.610 align:middle line:84% of the pieces that come from songs, 00:28:25.610 --> 00:28:28.010 align:middle line:84% this one starts out with the song. 00:28:28.010 --> 00:28:35.690 align:middle line:84% And I always have to tell the audience 00:28:35.690 --> 00:28:38.630 align:middle line:84% that I'm not a singer so I won't be singing, 00:28:38.630 --> 00:28:40.200 align:middle line:90% I'm just going to read. 00:28:40.200 --> 00:28:42.500 align:middle line:84% I don't know why it is I'm not a singer, 00:28:42.500 --> 00:28:44.570 align:middle line:84% I anticipate that perhaps someday I 00:28:44.570 --> 00:28:47.840 align:middle line:84% may be when I'm older, I think that one morning I'm 00:28:47.840 --> 00:28:50.060 align:middle line:84% going to wake up and it's going to be there, 00:28:50.060 --> 00:28:52.250 align:middle line:90% I'm going to be able to sing. 00:28:52.250 --> 00:28:54.380 align:middle line:90% So I hope you'll all come back. 00:28:54.380 --> 00:28:58.760 align:middle line:90% But this time I'm not. 00:28:58.760 --> 00:29:01.140 align:middle line:84% This song belong-- when I first heard it, 00:29:01.140 --> 00:29:03.620 align:middle line:84% and perhaps it must belong to him, this old medicine 00:29:03.620 --> 00:29:06.770 align:middle line:84% man, his name is [? Pintokochi, ?] 00:29:06.770 --> 00:29:11.000 align:middle line:84% on the very Western end of the reservation. 00:29:11.000 --> 00:29:14.720 align:middle line:84% And I found it off an old recording 00:29:14.720 --> 00:29:16.490 align:middle line:90% at the Folklore Center. 00:29:16.490 --> 00:29:20.750 align:middle line:84% And it's a band song, he said it's a coyote curing song. 00:29:20.750 --> 00:29:24.140 align:middle line:84% So it's kind of a fun little song, actually, 00:29:24.140 --> 00:29:28.790 align:middle line:84% and I used it here as part of this piece. 00:29:28.790 --> 00:29:35.570 align:middle line:90% Ba:ban--ba:ban are the coyotes, ban is one coyote. Ba:ban ganhu ge ci:pia 00:29:35.590 --> 00:29:39.270 align:middle line:90% Ba:ban ganhu ge ci:pia Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e 00:29:39.290 --> 00:29:43.270 align:middle line:90% Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e Ba: mt o ci:pia? 00:29:43.290 --> 00:29:48.270 align:middle line:90% Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e Wa ṣa 'an wo:po ṣon 'oidag 00:29:48.770 --> 00:29:51.650 align:middle line:84% Coyotes moving along over there, coyotes 00:29:51.650 --> 00:29:55.310 align:middle line:84% moving along over there, someone go over there and ask them, 00:29:55.310 --> 00:29:57.380 align:middle line:84% someone go over there and ask them, 00:29:57.380 --> 00:29:59.600 align:middle line:90% where are you guys moving to? 00:29:59.600 --> 00:30:02.900 align:middle line:84% Running along the foothills, running along the foothills, 00:30:02.900 --> 00:30:05.130 align:middle line:84% someone go over there and ask them, 00:30:05.130 --> 00:30:08.120 align:middle line:90% where are you guys moving to? 00:30:08.120 --> 00:30:12.320 align:middle line:84% With babies no tennis shoes and her Merle Haggard and Hank 00:30:12.320 --> 00:30:16.190 align:middle line:84% Williams tapes in the Basha's grocery bag, 00:30:16.190 --> 00:30:18.890 align:middle line:84% and his cowboy boots and another, 00:30:18.890 --> 00:30:28.580 align:middle line:84% all worldly goods packed up, moving. Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e Kut 'am hema meḍk 'am ha-kakk'e 00:30:28.580 --> 00:30:31.350 align:middle line:84% Someone run over there and asked them, 00:30:31.350 --> 00:30:34.640 align:middle line:90% where are you guys moving to?" 00:30:34.640 --> 00:30:37.250 align:middle line:84% So those of you that the ways of coyotes 00:30:37.250 --> 00:30:41.105 align:middle line:84% know that they run along, moving from place to place. 00:30:41.105 --> 00:30:44.270 align:middle line:90% 00:30:44.270 --> 00:30:47.900 align:middle line:84% These ones are real short pieces. 00:30:47.900 --> 00:30:52.730 align:middle line:84% And, again, it goes back to what I started 00:30:52.730 --> 00:30:58.700 align:middle line:84% with this the thoughts of rain and other weather changes 00:30:58.700 --> 00:31:00.032 align:middle line:90% here in the desert. 00:31:00.032 --> 00:31:01.490 align:middle line:84% And they're just real short pieces. 00:31:01.490 --> 00:31:06.580 align:middle line:90% 00:31:06.580 --> 00:31:07.788 align:middle line:90% "Wa nt o m ñe'i g ju:kĭ ñe'i. 00:31:07.788 --> 00:31:13.330 align:middle line:90% Wa nt o ñ keihi m we:hejeḍ. 00:31:13.330 --> 00:31:16.300 align:middle line:84% I would sing for you rain songs, I 00:31:16.300 --> 00:31:20.200 align:middle line:84% would dance for you rain dances, you 00:31:20.200 --> 00:31:24.880 align:middle line:84% are silent as a summer cloud, you sit quietly, 00:31:24.880 --> 00:31:30.430 align:middle line:84% gathering the strength from the air, your song is thunderous, 00:31:30.430 --> 00:31:33.520 align:middle line:84% you vibrate the Earth beneath me, 00:31:33.520 --> 00:31:35.275 align:middle line:90% you surround me like a song." 00:31:35.275 --> 00:31:39.100 align:middle line:90% 00:31:39.100 --> 00:31:43.000 align:middle line:84% These are cloud songs, they are actually "Pima Cloud Songs" 00:31:43.000 --> 00:31:46.300 align:middle line:90% that I put into English. 00:31:46.300 --> 00:31:49.645 align:middle line:84% So some of it does resemble the song, some of it doesn't. 00:31:49.645 --> 00:31:52.220 align:middle line:90% 00:31:52.220 --> 00:31:53.595 align:middle line:84% I like them because they're very, 00:31:53.595 --> 00:31:55.980 align:middle line:84% you know, the O'odham Pima, at least they're 00:31:55.980 --> 00:31:59.940 align:middle line:84% very descriptive, very concise about the change in the air 00:31:59.940 --> 00:32:03.120 align:middle line:84% and the change of colors in the sky, for those of you that 00:32:03.120 --> 00:32:06.690 align:middle line:90% look up in the summertime. 00:32:06.690 --> 00:32:10.320 align:middle line:84% "With hues of blue and green they are emerging, 00:32:10.320 --> 00:32:14.160 align:middle line:84% with hues of white they are turning around and coming back 00:32:14.160 --> 00:32:19.110 align:middle line:84% again, with color so black they are coming at a distance, 00:32:19.110 --> 00:32:23.160 align:middle line:84% with colors of red they are right here." 00:32:23.160 --> 00:32:25.890 align:middle line:90% And that's about clouds. 00:32:25.890 --> 00:32:27.420 align:middle line:84% The "Pima Cloud Song," this one I 00:32:27.420 --> 00:32:29.880 align:middle line:84% think it's really, really pretty. 00:32:29.880 --> 00:32:34.110 align:middle line:84% "Cloud circling the sky, circling like hungry buzzards, 00:32:34.110 --> 00:32:38.130 align:middle line:84% circling slowly, circling carefully, clouds 00:32:38.130 --> 00:32:44.150 align:middle line:84% circling like hungry buzzards, suddenly they descend." 00:32:44.150 --> 00:32:45.810 align:middle line:90% That's OK, I like that. 00:32:45.810 --> 00:32:51.900 align:middle line:90% 00:32:51.900 --> 00:32:58.360 align:middle line:90% I have here also a little story. 00:32:58.360 --> 00:33:05.980 align:middle line:84% And it's something that it's a little bit autobiographical, 00:33:05.980 --> 00:33:10.780 align:middle line:84% and then certainly brings back to my memory many 00:33:10.780 --> 00:33:13.060 align:middle line:84% of the O'odham people who grew up 00:33:13.060 --> 00:33:18.760 align:middle line:84% the same way as I did, being O'odham, being rural, 00:33:18.760 --> 00:33:22.180 align:middle line:84% and certainly being Catholic or what I 00:33:22.180 --> 00:33:23.890 align:middle line:90% like to call Sonoran Catholic. 00:33:23.890 --> 00:33:26.770 align:middle line:84% And this one's called, "Sonoran Catholic." 00:33:26.770 --> 00:33:31.810 align:middle line:84% Briefly, this piece was requested by some people 00:33:31.810 --> 00:33:34.660 align:middle line:84% here at the Arizona State Museum under one 00:33:34.660 --> 00:33:36.430 align:middle line:90% of the Queen Centenary Grants. 00:33:36.430 --> 00:33:38.500 align:middle line:84% And they wanted some native writers 00:33:38.500 --> 00:33:44.200 align:middle line:84% to put together something that talked about contact. 00:33:44.200 --> 00:33:49.300 align:middle line:84% And this one for some it's not as obvious, 00:33:49.300 --> 00:33:51.070 align:middle line:84% or at least they think it's not obvious, 00:33:51.070 --> 00:33:54.070 align:middle line:84% to me it's very obvious why it's about contact, just 00:33:54.070 --> 00:33:57.430 align:middle line:84% by the nature of the religion here. 00:33:57.430 --> 00:33:59.350 align:middle line:84% But there's other things going on, I suppose, 00:33:59.350 --> 00:34:04.910 align:middle line:84% that I think it has to do with contact of the two groups. 00:34:04.910 --> 00:34:09.219 align:middle line:90% But, anyway, I hope you like it. 00:34:09.219 --> 00:34:12.880 align:middle line:84% "She fingered the rosaries, rolling the beads gently 00:34:12.880 --> 00:34:15.310 align:middle line:84% between the forefinger and thumb. 00:34:15.310 --> 00:34:19.420 align:middle line:84% She handled them as if she were Catholic. 00:34:19.420 --> 00:34:21.370 align:middle line:84% It is known that when Father Eusebio 00:34:21.370 --> 00:34:24.670 align:middle line:84% Aquino and his fellow Jesuits penetrated the Premaria 00:34:24.670 --> 00:34:29.659 align:middle line:84% altar beginning in 1687, the Pimas were already there. 00:34:29.659 --> 00:34:32.770 align:middle line:84% They were probably there as well in 1539, 00:34:32.770 --> 00:34:37.449 align:middle line:84% 1540 period when Fray Marcos de Niza and Francisco Vazquez de 00:34:37.449 --> 00:34:40.420 align:middle line:84% Coronado were in the region, enroute to New Mexico 00:34:40.420 --> 00:34:42.610 align:middle line:90% and the Pueblo Indians. 00:34:42.610 --> 00:34:46.840 align:middle line:84% But even this is not a certainty. 00:34:46.840 --> 00:34:49.870 align:middle line:84% The O'odham people will say that they were certainly here 00:34:49.870 --> 00:34:52.090 align:middle line:90% and have always been here. 00:34:52.090 --> 00:34:55.420 align:middle line:84% Today, the oral history of the people tell of their emergence 00:34:55.420 --> 00:34:56.620 align:middle line:90% from the ground. 00:34:56.620 --> 00:34:58.720 align:middle line:84% This historical event is held only 00:34:58.720 --> 00:35:01.240 align:middle line:84% in the memory of the people, a memory 00:35:01.240 --> 00:35:04.000 align:middle line:84% urged and reinforced by the telling of the story 00:35:04.000 --> 00:35:06.490 align:middle line:90% of how they came to be here. 00:35:06.490 --> 00:35:08.620 align:middle line:84% Today there are places in the ground where 00:35:08.620 --> 00:35:13.270 align:middle line:84% an O'odham can point and say, this is where we came from. 00:35:13.270 --> 00:35:16.570 align:middle line:84% One emergence point is now conveniently only a few feet 00:35:16.570 --> 00:35:18.460 align:middle line:90% from the Blacktop road. 00:35:18.460 --> 00:35:21.950 align:middle line:84% Some say, when we came out, a tribal van pulled up 00:35:21.950 --> 00:35:22.840 align:middle line:90% and we drove off. 00:35:22.840 --> 00:35:27.460 align:middle line:90% 00:35:27.460 --> 00:35:29.860 align:middle line:84% She was raised Catholic, she remembers 00:35:29.860 --> 00:35:32.410 align:middle line:84% being baptized because she was almost eight years 00:35:32.410 --> 00:35:34.000 align:middle line:90% old at the time. 00:35:34.000 --> 00:35:37.450 align:middle line:84% In O'odham they say she was baptized standing up, 00:35:37.450 --> 00:35:41.260 align:middle line:84% meaning she was not an infant as usually the custom. 00:35:41.260 --> 00:35:44.260 align:middle line:84% She also vividly remembers taking catechism classes 00:35:44.260 --> 00:35:46.030 align:middle line:90% about the same time. 00:35:46.030 --> 00:35:48.850 align:middle line:84% One particular lesson stands out in her mind 00:35:48.850 --> 00:35:52.040 align:middle line:84% because it relates to her eventual baptism. 00:35:52.040 --> 00:35:54.580 align:middle line:90% This is that story. 00:35:54.580 --> 00:35:59.560 align:middle line:84% In this particular lesson, it was her quiet learned opinion 00:35:59.560 --> 00:36:04.840 align:middle line:84% that the sister set her up for this one. 00:36:04.840 --> 00:36:06.790 align:middle line:84% In this catechism class, the lesson 00:36:06.790 --> 00:36:10.030 align:middle line:84% was on the Holy sacraments, baptism, Holy communion, 00:36:10.030 --> 00:36:11.500 align:middle line:90% among others. 00:36:11.500 --> 00:36:14.530 align:middle line:84% That day the sister chose to quiz the class on the meaning 00:36:14.530 --> 00:36:15.160 align:middle line:90% value-- 00:36:15.160 --> 00:36:18.820 align:middle line:84% and the value of the sacrament of baptism. 00:36:18.820 --> 00:36:22.630 align:middle line:84% In doing, so she went about the room asking the question. 00:36:22.630 --> 00:36:24.910 align:middle line:84% If you should die tonight, do you 00:36:24.910 --> 00:36:28.960 align:middle line:84% think you would be accepted into the kingdom of heaven? 00:36:28.960 --> 00:36:32.260 align:middle line:84% As she went about the room asking each of the students, 00:36:32.260 --> 00:36:35.110 align:middle line:90% each one answered yes. 00:36:35.110 --> 00:36:37.900 align:middle line:84% When the sister got to her, immediately 00:36:37.900 --> 00:36:40.960 align:middle line:84% she knew she should have suspected something. 00:36:40.960 --> 00:36:42.940 align:middle line:84% When the sister repeated the question, 00:36:42.940 --> 00:36:46.180 align:middle line:84% as if somehow trying to clue her in. 00:36:46.180 --> 00:36:48.910 align:middle line:84% 'If you die tonight, do you think you would be allowed 00:36:48.910 --> 00:36:52.150 align:middle line:90% into the kingdom of heaven?' 00:36:52.150 --> 00:36:53.860 align:middle line:84% Without thinking much about the question, 00:36:53.860 --> 00:36:57.520 align:middle line:84% she just followed along with the others and said, yes. 00:36:57.520 --> 00:36:59.960 align:middle line:84% Immediately she knew something wasn't right. 00:36:59.960 --> 00:37:02.800 align:middle line:84% She had a funny sensation in her stomach. 00:37:02.800 --> 00:37:07.180 align:middle line:84% The air began to get stuffy and warm, 00:37:07.180 --> 00:37:10.150 align:middle line:90% it all began to close in on her. 00:37:10.150 --> 00:37:13.420 align:middle line:84% It was the strangest feeling, perhaps 00:37:13.420 --> 00:37:15.280 align:middle line:84% it was the same feeling her mother used 00:37:15.280 --> 00:37:19.180 align:middle line:84% to tell her about when she would say she felt the Earth stopped 00:37:19.180 --> 00:37:22.610 align:middle line:90% moving for just a split second. 00:37:22.610 --> 00:37:25.870 align:middle line:84% And if she felt it at night, it would wake her up. 00:37:25.870 --> 00:37:27.850 align:middle line:90% That is what she used to say. 00:37:27.850 --> 00:37:30.580 align:middle line:84% She would be frustrated and that she couldn't explain it 00:37:30.580 --> 00:37:32.440 align:middle line:90% any better than that. 00:37:32.440 --> 00:37:36.580 align:middle line:84% Perhaps this is what she felt like, but then maybe not. 00:37:36.580 --> 00:37:40.090 align:middle line:84% Finally, with authority, only a sister 00:37:40.090 --> 00:37:47.350 align:middle line:84% in a full black habit, giant oversized rosary, a thick rope 00:37:47.350 --> 00:37:52.630 align:middle line:84% belt, and thick black shiny shoes can have. 00:37:52.630 --> 00:37:58.600 align:middle line:84% She said, 'No, you will not be allowed into heaven.' 00:37:58.600 --> 00:38:02.680 align:middle line:84% And after what seemed like an eternity, an eternity 00:38:02.680 --> 00:38:06.280 align:middle line:84% only because there was dead silence in the priest's 00:38:06.280 --> 00:38:09.175 align:middle line:84% small dressing room where the classes were held, 00:38:09.175 --> 00:38:11.830 align:middle line:84% and because the eyes of all the other children 00:38:11.830 --> 00:38:14.530 align:middle line:84% were looking at her in shocked surprise, 00:38:14.530 --> 00:38:16.330 align:middle line:90% the sister broke the silence. 00:38:16.330 --> 00:38:19.690 align:middle line:84% She did it in such a way that was not very comforting. 00:38:19.690 --> 00:38:23.740 align:middle line:84% In fact, she was only now prolonging the torture, 00:38:23.740 --> 00:38:26.470 align:middle line:90% as it was now actual torture. 00:38:26.470 --> 00:38:28.240 align:middle line:84% It was torture enough for the sister 00:38:28.240 --> 00:38:29.860 align:middle line:84% to say that she would not be allowed 00:38:29.860 --> 00:38:32.950 align:middle line:84% into heaven, and for all her classmates to know. 00:38:32.950 --> 00:38:35.080 align:middle line:84% But the worst part was that she herself 00:38:35.080 --> 00:38:37.540 align:middle line:84% didn't know why she would not be allowed into heaven when 00:38:37.540 --> 00:38:40.840 align:middle line:84% it appeared that all of the other children would be. 00:38:40.840 --> 00:38:45.430 align:middle line:84% Now, to top it all off, the sister asked the class, 00:38:45.430 --> 00:38:48.820 align:middle line:84% 'Now class, why do you think that all of you can get 00:38:48.820 --> 00:38:54.640 align:middle line:84% into heaven, if she should die tonight, except for Juana?' 00:38:54.640 --> 00:38:57.010 align:middle line:84% Oh God, why don't you be a merciful one 00:38:57.010 --> 00:38:59.140 align:middle line:84% and let the Earth open up and swallow us 00:38:59.140 --> 00:39:01.210 align:middle line:90% at moments like this. 00:39:01.210 --> 00:39:04.450 align:middle line:84% And as if nothing was wrong, the sister very matter of factly, 00:39:04.450 --> 00:39:07.900 align:middle line:84% continued the lesson using her as the example. 00:39:07.900 --> 00:39:11.110 align:middle line:84% Well, it had become obvious that no one in the class 00:39:11.110 --> 00:39:16.900 align:middle line:84% had a clue as to why she was the only one exempt from heaven. 00:39:16.900 --> 00:39:19.540 align:middle line:84% Mercifully after what seemed like a million minutes, 00:39:19.540 --> 00:39:21.520 align:middle line:84% the sister finally gave the answer. 00:39:21.520 --> 00:39:24.040 align:middle line:84% She gave the answer that only solved part of the problem 00:39:24.040 --> 00:39:25.570 align:middle line:90% and created a bigger one. 00:39:25.570 --> 00:39:29.800 align:middle line:84% She said, 'The reason Juana will not be allowed into heaven 00:39:29.800 --> 00:39:33.610 align:middle line:84% is because she has not received the sacrament of baptism. 00:39:33.610 --> 00:39:38.590 align:middle line:84% She still has the original sin of Adam and Eve on her soul. 00:39:38.590 --> 00:39:40.780 align:middle line:84% But since she will be baptized soon, 00:39:40.780 --> 00:39:42.815 align:middle line:90% she doesn't have to worry.' 00:39:42.815 --> 00:39:45.190 align:middle line:84% 'Don't worry,' she thought, 'What is an eight-year-old is 00:39:45.190 --> 00:39:48.190 align:middle line:90% supposed to do?' 00:39:48.190 --> 00:39:50.410 align:middle line:84% Juana imagined herself having the soul 00:39:50.410 --> 00:39:54.730 align:middle line:84% that looked much the way that they did in her catechism book. 00:39:54.730 --> 00:39:56.560 align:middle line:90% The souls of bad people. 00:39:56.560 --> 00:40:00.190 align:middle line:84% Her soul was not clean and pink like the non sinners, 00:40:00.190 --> 00:40:03.880 align:middle line:90% it was all black. 00:40:03.880 --> 00:40:06.610 align:middle line:84% Fortunately for her, her baptism did take place 00:40:06.610 --> 00:40:08.020 align:middle line:90% the following week. 00:40:08.020 --> 00:40:10.870 align:middle line:84% The ceremony was uneventful, unlike the one 00:40:10.870 --> 00:40:14.140 align:middle line:84% she had seen where small babies were baptized. 00:40:14.140 --> 00:40:16.330 align:middle line:84% It did not make any difference, though, 00:40:16.330 --> 00:40:19.330 align:middle line:84% since she was now guaranteed access to heaven." 00:40:19.330 --> 00:40:22.767 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:40:22.767 --> 00:40:25.713 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:40:25.713 --> 00:40:31.130 align:middle line:90% 00:40:31.130 --> 00:40:35.420 align:middle line:84% And sort of continuing on Juana's escapades here 00:40:35.420 --> 00:40:38.340 align:middle line:90% about being Catholic. 00:40:38.340 --> 00:40:42.020 align:middle line:84% One point that is also very clear to many of us who 00:40:42.020 --> 00:40:45.440 align:middle line:84% were raised Catholics, who are still Catholics 00:40:45.440 --> 00:40:51.620 align:middle line:84% are the different holidays and how they sort of mix it all. 00:40:51.620 --> 00:40:53.480 align:middle line:84% Stuff from O'odham and, of course, 00:40:53.480 --> 00:40:57.210 align:middle line:84% stuff from the Mexican culture and then, of course, 00:40:57.210 --> 00:40:59.300 align:middle line:90% other things from the religion. 00:40:59.300 --> 00:41:04.780 align:middle line:84% And this sort of talks about that particular part 00:41:04.780 --> 00:41:06.010 align:middle line:90% of growing up Catholic. 00:41:06.010 --> 00:41:08.990 align:middle line:90% 00:41:08.990 --> 00:41:12.350 align:middle line:84% "At her house, Christmas Eve was more important than Christmas 00:41:12.350 --> 00:41:13.430 align:middle line:90% day. 00:41:13.430 --> 00:41:17.420 align:middle line:84% It was on Christmas Eve that the miracle happened after all. 00:41:17.420 --> 00:41:19.670 align:middle line:84% It was a custom for everyone to stay up 00:41:19.670 --> 00:41:22.430 align:middle line:84% until past midnight, even the children. 00:41:22.430 --> 00:41:24.350 align:middle line:84% She remembers her mother actually 00:41:24.350 --> 00:41:26.390 align:middle line:84% getting mad at her for starting to yawn 00:41:26.390 --> 00:41:28.400 align:middle line:90% when it was only 10:00 PM. 00:41:28.400 --> 00:41:31.610 align:middle line:84% She learned very quickly not to yawn in front of her mother 00:41:31.610 --> 00:41:33.140 align:middle line:90% anyway. 00:41:33.140 --> 00:41:35.060 align:middle line:84% As a child, she had fond memories 00:41:35.060 --> 00:41:38.030 align:middle line:84% of those long Christmas eves when relatives and friends 00:41:38.030 --> 00:41:40.430 align:middle line:90% came for visits and food. 00:41:40.430 --> 00:41:43.610 align:middle line:84% However, the more significant memories of this evening 00:41:43.610 --> 00:41:47.390 align:middle line:84% is the thing that always happened every Christmas Eve. 00:41:47.390 --> 00:41:51.170 align:middle line:84% She never figured out if it was planned or not. 00:41:51.170 --> 00:41:56.420 align:middle line:84% Irregardless, she believed, she believed it all to be true, 00:41:56.420 --> 00:41:59.120 align:middle line:84% at least she thought she believed. 00:41:59.120 --> 00:42:02.090 align:middle line:90% This is what happened. 00:42:02.090 --> 00:42:05.270 align:middle line:84% Inevitably, an adult cousin or uncle and aunt, 00:42:05.270 --> 00:42:07.640 align:middle line:84% someone reputable by all standards 00:42:07.640 --> 00:42:10.130 align:middle line:84% would arrive and would appear shaken. 00:42:10.130 --> 00:42:12.950 align:middle line:84% They would then begin to tell of how they were walking down 00:42:12.950 --> 00:42:15.470 align:middle line:84% the dirt road towards the house when 00:42:15.470 --> 00:42:19.410 align:middle line:84% they were certain they cited figures walking along the road. 00:42:19.410 --> 00:42:22.290 align:middle line:84% They would go on to say, 'Since it was dark, 00:42:22.290 --> 00:42:24.440 align:middle line:84% it was difficult to make out who they were. 00:42:24.440 --> 00:42:26.270 align:middle line:84% When We walk towards them thinking 00:42:26.270 --> 00:42:31.010 align:middle line:84% it was someone we knew, we saw that it was a man and a woman. 00:42:31.010 --> 00:42:33.950 align:middle line:84% But as we got closer, there was a third person. 00:42:33.950 --> 00:42:36.740 align:middle line:84% Finally, when we were close enough to speak to them, 00:42:36.740 --> 00:42:39.170 align:middle line:84% we realized the third was not a person 00:42:39.170 --> 00:42:43.040 align:middle line:90% at all but a small donkey. 00:42:43.040 --> 00:42:45.620 align:middle line:84% Right away we knew not to bother them. 00:42:45.620 --> 00:42:47.570 align:middle line:84% We quickly walked past them and when 00:42:47.570 --> 00:42:50.390 align:middle line:84% we thought we were far enough from them, we look back 00:42:50.390 --> 00:42:52.490 align:middle line:90% and they were gone. 00:42:52.490 --> 00:42:58.010 align:middle line:84% It was them though, Maria and Jose,' Mary and Joseph. 00:42:58.010 --> 00:43:00.260 align:middle line:84% Juana remembers her aunt elaborating 00:43:00.260 --> 00:43:03.110 align:middle line:84% on how tired Mary appeared and that she 00:43:03.110 --> 00:43:06.110 align:middle line:84% was so dusty from walking on those farm roads. 00:43:06.110 --> 00:43:11.330 align:middle line:84% She empathized with this woman that she said she saw. 00:43:11.330 --> 00:43:15.110 align:middle line:84% Juana's mother would say, 'Well, it's almost midnight, 00:43:15.110 --> 00:43:17.840 align:middle line:84% they should be arriving there soon, 00:43:17.840 --> 00:43:20.720 align:middle line:84% and everything will be all right.' 00:43:20.720 --> 00:43:23.180 align:middle line:84% When she said this, there was always 00:43:23.180 --> 00:43:26.390 align:middle line:84% a few minutes of silence, a few seconds of silence 00:43:26.390 --> 00:43:29.330 align:middle line:84% around the table, and then everyone would go back 00:43:29.330 --> 00:43:31.802 align:middle line:90% to eating and talking. 00:43:31.802 --> 00:43:33.260 align:middle line:84% Throughout the evening, there would 00:43:33.260 --> 00:43:35.120 align:middle line:90% be reports of other sightings. 00:43:35.120 --> 00:43:38.180 align:middle line:84% Another uncle might say that he saw Jose giving the donkey 00:43:38.180 --> 00:43:40.850 align:middle line:90% a drink of water at the ditch. 00:43:40.850 --> 00:43:43.610 align:middle line:84% He was just very matter of fact about the whole thing 00:43:43.610 --> 00:43:45.380 align:middle line:84% and still others might say they saw 00:43:45.380 --> 00:43:48.050 align:middle line:84% them both washing their hands at a faucet 00:43:48.050 --> 00:43:50.820 align:middle line:90% or sitting to rest on a stump. 00:43:50.820 --> 00:43:53.480 align:middle line:84% They spoke of seeing Jose and Maria in the sense 00:43:53.480 --> 00:43:56.170 align:middle line:84% that Juana had heard them talk of seeing 00:43:56.170 --> 00:43:58.730 align:middle line:90% deceased, beloved relatives. 00:43:58.730 --> 00:44:01.520 align:middle line:84% They saw the holy family as ordinary people 00:44:01.520 --> 00:44:03.770 align:middle line:90% doing ordinary things. 00:44:03.770 --> 00:44:05.840 align:middle line:84% These visions certainly did not resemble 00:44:05.840 --> 00:44:08.240 align:middle line:84% the pictures Juana had seen of the holy family 00:44:08.240 --> 00:44:09.980 align:middle line:90% in her catechism book. 00:44:09.980 --> 00:44:12.380 align:middle line:84% In her book, the holy family always 00:44:12.380 --> 00:44:16.430 align:middle line:84% had a halo about their heads and a holy pure light all 00:44:16.430 --> 00:44:18.230 align:middle line:90% about them. 00:44:18.230 --> 00:44:21.200 align:middle line:84% Now as an adult, Juana still carries the traditions 00:44:21.200 --> 00:44:24.080 align:middle line:84% of being an O'odham Sonoran Catholic. 00:44:24.080 --> 00:44:27.620 align:middle line:84% Christmas is still food family and prayer, 00:44:27.620 --> 00:44:30.860 align:middle line:84% although the prayer is the part that has diminished somewhat. 00:44:30.860 --> 00:44:32.990 align:middle line:84% And in occasion, she carefully looks down 00:44:32.990 --> 00:44:36.050 align:middle line:84% Campbell Avenue on the chance of sighting the holy family 00:44:36.050 --> 00:44:37.040 align:middle line:90% on Christmas Eve." 00:44:37.040 --> 00:44:39.962 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:44:39.962 --> 00:44:48.730 align:middle line:90% 00:44:48.730 --> 00:44:53.500 align:middle line:84% Recently, my family and I started 00:44:53.500 --> 00:44:55.360 align:middle line:90% going to the ocean a lot. 00:44:55.360 --> 00:44:58.820 align:middle line:84% And I thought Larry was going to say something about it, 00:44:58.820 --> 00:44:59.420 align:middle line:90% but he didn't. 00:44:59.420 --> 00:45:01.170 align:middle line:84% And I think he's the only person I've told 00:45:01.170 --> 00:45:05.853 align:middle line:90% that I have this new hobby. 00:45:05.853 --> 00:45:07.270 align:middle line:84% Probably most of you won't believe 00:45:07.270 --> 00:45:08.870 align:middle line:90% that I do this sort of thing. 00:45:08.870 --> 00:45:12.820 align:middle line:84% But I started scuba diving, I guess it's what's called, 00:45:12.820 --> 00:45:16.970 align:middle line:84% scuba diving, where you go under the water. 00:45:16.970 --> 00:45:22.510 align:middle line:84% Thought I'd see what the other part of the Earth was like. 00:45:22.510 --> 00:45:26.410 align:middle line:84% So anyway, we've been going to the ocean in Mexico. 00:45:26.410 --> 00:45:28.020 align:middle line:84% And the ocean for O'odham people, 00:45:28.020 --> 00:45:30.220 align:middle line:90% it's a very significant place. 00:45:30.220 --> 00:45:34.300 align:middle line:84% If you look at the ethnographic text in O'odham 00:45:34.300 --> 00:45:37.090 align:middle line:84% and the old text, of course, they talk about the various, 00:45:37.090 --> 00:45:38.500 align:middle line:90% the salt journeys. 00:45:38.500 --> 00:45:41.410 align:middle line:84% And then some of the songs and some of the newer songs 00:45:41.410 --> 00:45:47.890 align:middle line:84% even, talk about the influence of the ocean to this desert. 00:45:47.890 --> 00:45:49.780 align:middle line:84% The way it affect clouds and the way the rain 00:45:49.780 --> 00:45:54.020 align:middle line:84% happens because of things that might happen around the ocean, 00:45:54.020 --> 00:45:54.740 align:middle line:90% and so forth. 00:45:54.740 --> 00:45:57.820 align:middle line:84% But it is a very powerful thing and it's amazing 00:45:57.820 --> 00:46:01.330 align:middle line:84% that the desert people are somehow 00:46:01.330 --> 00:46:03.610 align:middle line:90% well connected with that water. 00:46:03.610 --> 00:46:09.700 align:middle line:84% Also my other connection are my Polynesian friends 00:46:09.700 --> 00:46:13.660 align:middle line:84% who have a lot to teach me about being island people 00:46:13.660 --> 00:46:15.680 align:middle line:84% and being surrounded by the ocean. 00:46:15.680 --> 00:46:22.090 align:middle line:84% And so some of that I include here in these last pieces 00:46:22.090 --> 00:46:25.000 align:middle line:90% that I'll share with you. 00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:31.070 align:middle line:84% Perhaps you all could also take something from it as well. 00:46:31.070 --> 00:46:33.513 align:middle line:84% And the first part opens up for any of you 00:46:33.513 --> 00:46:34.930 align:middle line:84% that have young children, and even 00:46:34.930 --> 00:46:36.520 align:middle line:84% if you don't have young children, 00:46:36.520 --> 00:46:42.640 align:middle line:84% I'm sure you know of the little film, Disney film, The Little 00:46:42.640 --> 00:46:43.990 align:middle line:90% Mermaid. 00:46:43.990 --> 00:46:45.835 align:middle line:84% So some of it here might sound familiar. 00:46:45.835 --> 00:46:50.360 align:middle line:90% 00:46:50.360 --> 00:46:53.980 align:middle line:84% "Take it from me, under the sea, under the sea 00:46:53.980 --> 00:47:02.170 align:middle line:84% it's so much better down where it's wetter [LAUGHTER] if you 00:47:02.170 --> 00:47:06.880 align:middle line:84% take three seashells because they are so pretty, 00:47:06.880 --> 00:47:13.390 align:middle line:84% throw two of them back, if you go into the water, 00:47:13.390 --> 00:47:19.210 align:middle line:84% make sure that you smile, if you turn your back to the ocean, 00:47:19.210 --> 00:47:22.530 align:middle line:90% say excuse me 00:47:22.530 --> 00:47:26.820 align:middle line:84% If you happen to have desert flowers in your hand, 00:47:26.820 --> 00:47:32.010 align:middle line:84% put them on the ocean wave and let them ride to see, 00:47:32.010 --> 00:47:34.560 align:middle line:84% if you leave the ocean water, make 00:47:34.560 --> 00:47:40.290 align:middle line:84% sure you are grateful for being safe, if you think anything 00:47:40.290 --> 00:47:46.740 align:middle line:84% while you're there at the ocean, make sure it is only good, 00:47:46.740 --> 00:47:52.080 align:middle line:84% if you are so inclined, you may create a poem, 00:47:52.080 --> 00:47:56.640 align:middle line:84% if you are so inclined, you may dream a song, 00:47:56.640 --> 00:48:00.190 align:middle line:84% if you are so inclined and you feel ready, 00:48:00.190 --> 00:48:04.470 align:middle line:84% you may ask for something from the ocean 00:48:04.470 --> 00:48:08.550 align:middle line:84% If you are so inclined, you may not discuss this with anyone 00:48:08.550 --> 00:48:14.880 align:middle line:84% except the power of the ocean, if you are inclined to ask me 00:48:14.880 --> 00:48:20.400 align:middle line:84% when you will be ready, don't ask, you will know, 00:48:20.400 --> 00:48:26.220 align:middle line:84% for you and I agree under the sea, under the sea, 00:48:26.220 --> 00:48:28.770 align:middle line:84% it's so much better where it's wetter." 00:48:28.770 --> 00:48:30.532 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHING] 00:48:30.532 --> 00:48:31.032 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:48:31.032 --> 00:48:36.840 align:middle line:90% 00:48:36.840 --> 00:48:39.510 align:middle line:84% And this one is also for the ocean. 00:48:39.510 --> 00:48:42.810 align:middle line:90% 00:48:42.810 --> 00:48:51.530 align:middle line:90% "S-wegima 'am ka:c g ha'icu hiosig S-ce:daghim 'am ka:c g ha'icu hiosig 00:48:51.810 --> 00:49:00.030 align:middle line:90% S-i:bhaghim 'am ka:c g ha'icu hiosig 'Am ka:c heg da:m ge'e ka:cim ṣudagĭ 00:49:00.810 --> 00:49:10.530 align:middle line:90% Heg wui 'att 'i-ul g s-ke:g ha'icu cegĭtodag He wui 'att 'i-ul g s-ap ta:hadag 00:49:10.810 --> 00:49:18.530 align:middle line:90% Heg wui 'att 'i-ul g 'i:mdag 'Am 'att ta:t g ge'e ka:cim ṣudagĭ 00:49:18.810 --> 00:49:21.530 align:middle line:90% k 'amjeḍ 'am 'aṣ 'i-dagĭto. 00:49:23.100 --> 00:49:27.880 align:middle line:84% Towards it we extend it only good thoughts, towards it, 00:49:27.880 --> 00:49:34.810 align:middle line:84% we extend it only good feelings, towards it we extended kinship, 00:49:34.810 --> 00:49:40.650 align:middle line:84% we touched the ocean water and we left it alone." 00:49:40.650 --> 00:49:43.350 align:middle line:84% Sort of that one is-- the English part 00:49:43.350 --> 00:49:46.820 align:middle line:84% is not what the O'odham text says, 00:49:46.820 --> 00:49:50.150 align:middle line:84% so there were two different pieces. 00:49:50.150 --> 00:49:50.650 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:49:50.650 --> 00:49:56.060 align:middle line:90% 00:49:56.060 --> 00:49:59.000 align:middle line:84% I'm going to close here with another ocean 00:49:59.000 --> 00:50:04.760 align:middle line:84% one that has sort of a long story that it comes from. 00:50:04.760 --> 00:50:11.600 align:middle line:84% And the story has to do with sort of where I'm from 00:50:11.600 --> 00:50:14.210 align:middle line:90% and where my relatives are from. 00:50:14.210 --> 00:50:16.890 align:middle line:84% And it's not so much being O'odham them 00:50:16.890 --> 00:50:24.200 align:middle line:84% but being sort of caught in political systems and arbitrary 00:50:24.200 --> 00:50:27.870 align:middle line:84% boundaries, and things like that. 00:50:27.870 --> 00:50:30.230 align:middle line:84% Those of you who know me and know 00:50:30.230 --> 00:50:38.810 align:middle line:84% that my parents are Sonoran Papago or Sonoran O'odham, 00:50:38.810 --> 00:50:41.990 align:middle line:84% the people that ended up on the Mexican side 00:50:41.990 --> 00:50:44.690 align:middle line:90% when the border went up. 00:50:44.690 --> 00:50:47.240 align:middle line:84% Earlier, of course, people used to be able to cross back 00:50:47.240 --> 00:50:49.190 align:middle line:84% and forth freely and then, of course, 00:50:49.190 --> 00:50:50.840 align:middle line:84% the borders got tighter and tighter, 00:50:50.840 --> 00:50:57.830 align:middle line:84% and now you cannot cross except at the regular checkpoints. 00:50:57.830 --> 00:50:59.990 align:middle line:84% But I remember I would have relatives 00:50:59.990 --> 00:51:03.050 align:middle line:84% that would come up here regularly, 00:51:03.050 --> 00:51:08.030 align:middle line:84% and on occasion they would get picked up by immigration 00:51:08.030 --> 00:51:10.370 align:middle line:90% and taken back to Mexico. 00:51:10.370 --> 00:51:14.060 align:middle line:84% But rarely did they ever get caught, as they say. 00:51:14.060 --> 00:51:18.403 align:middle line:84% They seemed to way--know their way around. 00:51:18.403 --> 00:51:20.570 align:middle line:84% But normally when O'odham then people get picked up, 00:51:20.570 --> 00:51:23.360 align:middle line:84% they're taken I think through Nogales or Sasabe or something 00:51:23.360 --> 00:51:27.020 align:middle line:84% like that, someplace near the O'odham communities. 00:51:27.020 --> 00:51:29.150 align:middle line:84% One particular time my mother told me 00:51:29.150 --> 00:51:31.280 align:middle line:84% that a couple of my uncles were picked up 00:51:31.280 --> 00:51:32.900 align:middle line:84% and she was very worried about them 00:51:32.900 --> 00:51:35.810 align:middle line:84% because they weren't taken back the normal route. 00:51:35.810 --> 00:51:39.200 align:middle line:84% For some reason the people that were-- the immigration people 00:51:39.200 --> 00:51:44.360 align:middle line:84% that were taking them back went very further West 00:51:44.360 --> 00:51:46.670 align:middle line:90% and then turned South. 00:51:46.670 --> 00:51:51.680 align:middle line:84% And they went so far West they were close to the ocean. 00:51:51.680 --> 00:51:56.165 align:middle line:84% And people told stories about them, 00:51:56.165 --> 00:51:58.500 align:middle line:84% of when they first saw the ocean. 00:51:58.500 --> 00:52:00.305 align:middle line:84% And when they saw it, they thought-- 00:52:00.305 --> 00:52:01.910 align:middle line:84% like the way my mother tells me, they 00:52:01.910 --> 00:52:03.870 align:middle line:90% thought it was like a flood. 00:52:03.870 --> 00:52:06.530 align:middle line:84% A flood was happening, they saw this water rolling 00:52:06.530 --> 00:52:08.833 align:middle line:84% and they were just terrified as mortal men 00:52:08.833 --> 00:52:11.000 align:middle line:84% that this water was just going to come and wash over 00:52:11.000 --> 00:52:13.750 align:middle line:84% the vehicle they were driving in. 00:52:13.750 --> 00:52:16.010 align:middle line:84% But they were told that it was the ocean 00:52:16.010 --> 00:52:18.170 align:middle line:90% and that it wouldn't harm them. 00:52:18.170 --> 00:52:21.170 align:middle line:84% But you can imagine how scary that might 00:52:21.170 --> 00:52:23.070 align:middle line:90% have been for these people. 00:52:23.070 --> 00:52:26.600 align:middle line:90% So anyway, this is that story. 00:52:26.600 --> 00:52:30.990 align:middle line:84% So I take this piece from the story of my relatives 00:52:30.990 --> 00:52:33.110 align:middle line:90% for getting deported. 00:52:33.110 --> 00:52:38.060 align:middle line:84% And then another, the part of it comes from the Judds 00:52:38.060 --> 00:52:40.290 align:middle line:90% before they broke up. 00:52:40.290 --> 00:52:43.490 align:middle line:84% Those of you that are country Western fans. 00:52:43.490 --> 00:52:46.480 align:middle line:90% 00:52:46.480 --> 00:52:48.370 align:middle line:84% And I'm sure you'll recognize it if you're 00:52:48.370 --> 00:52:49.570 align:middle line:90% a country Western fan. 00:52:49.570 --> 00:52:56.210 align:middle line:90% 00:52:56.210 --> 00:53:02.720 align:middle line:84% "Words cannot speak your power, words cannot speak your beauty. 00:53:02.720 --> 00:53:07.820 align:middle line:84% Grown men with dry fear in their throats, watching the water 00:53:07.820 --> 00:53:10.520 align:middle line:90% come closer and closer. 00:53:10.520 --> 00:53:14.060 align:middle line:84% The driver tells them, 'It's just the ocean, 00:53:14.060 --> 00:53:18.230 align:middle line:84% it won't get you, watch it, it will roll away again.' 00:53:18.230 --> 00:53:20.660 align:middle line:84% Men who had never seen the ocean, 00:53:20.660 --> 00:53:24.290 align:middle line:84% it was hard not to have that fear that sits quietly 00:53:24.290 --> 00:53:26.390 align:middle line:90% in the pit of the stomach. 00:53:26.390 --> 00:53:29.570 align:middle line:84% 'Why did the driver bring us this way? 00:53:29.570 --> 00:53:34.040 align:middle line:84% Other times we crossed on the desert floor, the land 00:53:34.040 --> 00:53:37.220 align:middle line:84% where the air is hot and dry, where 00:53:37.220 --> 00:53:39.500 align:middle line:90% the sky ends at the mountains. 00:53:39.500 --> 00:53:43.520 align:middle line:84% The land that we know, the land where the ocean has not 00:53:43.520 --> 00:53:46.520 align:middle line:90% touched for thousands of years. 00:53:46.520 --> 00:53:52.020 align:middle line:84% We do not belong here, this place with the sky too endless, 00:53:52.020 --> 00:53:55.050 align:middle line:84% this place with the water to endless, 00:53:55.050 --> 00:53:59.570 align:middle line:84% this place with the air too thick and heavy to breathe, 00:53:59.570 --> 00:54:03.560 align:middle line:84% this place with the constant roll and roar of thunder, 00:54:03.560 --> 00:54:06.720 align:middle line:90% always playing in your ears. 00:54:06.720 --> 00:54:09.860 align:middle line:84% We are not ready to be here, we are not 00:54:09.860 --> 00:54:12.170 align:middle line:90% prepared in the old way. 00:54:12.170 --> 00:54:15.260 align:middle line:84% We have no medicine, we have not sat 00:54:15.260 --> 00:54:17.780 align:middle line:84% and had our minds walk through the image 00:54:17.780 --> 00:54:20.090 align:middle line:90% of coming to the ocean. 00:54:20.090 --> 00:54:23.630 align:middle line:84% We are not ready, we have not put our minds 00:54:23.630 --> 00:54:26.810 align:middle line:84% to what it is we want to give to the ocean. 00:54:26.810 --> 00:54:30.830 align:middle line:84% We have no cornmeal, feathers, nor do we 00:54:30.830 --> 00:54:34.890 align:middle line:90% have songs or prayers ready. 00:54:34.890 --> 00:54:39.420 align:middle line:84% We have not thought what gifts we will ask from the ocean. 00:54:39.420 --> 00:54:42.690 align:middle line:84% Should we ask to be sung chasers? 00:54:42.690 --> 00:54:45.870 align:middle line:90% Should we ask to be rain makers? 00:54:45.870 --> 00:54:49.290 align:middle line:84% Should we ask to be good runners? 00:54:49.290 --> 00:54:53.010 align:middle line:84% Or should we just ask to be heartbreakers? 00:54:53.010 --> 00:54:57.120 align:middle line:84% No, we are not ready to be here at this ocean." 00:54:57.120 --> 00:54:58.350 align:middle line:90% Thank you very much. 00:54:58.350 --> 00:55:01.400 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:55:01.400 --> 00:55:05.000 align:middle line:90%